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Examining the Impacts of Residential Self-Selection on Travel Behaviour: A Focus on Empirical Findings

机译：研究住宅自我选择对出行行为的影响：以实证结果为重点

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Numerous studies have found that suburban residents drive more and walk less than residents in traditional neighbourhoods. What is less well understood is the extent to which the observed patterns of travel behaviour can be attributed to the residential built environment (BE) itself, as opposed to attitude-induced residential self-selection. To date, most studies addressing this self-selection issue fall into nine methodological categories: direct questioning, statistical control, instrumental variables, sample selection, propensity score, joint discrete choice models, structural equations models, mutually dependent discrete choice models and longitudinal designs. This paper reviews 38 empirical studies using these approaches. Virtually all of the studies reviewed found a statistically significant influence of the BE remaining after self-selection was accounted for. However, the practical importance of that influence was seldom assessed. Although time and resource limitations are recognized, we recommend usage of longitudinal structural equations modelling with control groups, a design which is strong with respect to all causality requisites.
机译：大量研究发现，郊区居民比传统社区的居民开车多，步行少。人们不太了解的是，观察到的出行行为模式可归因于住宅建筑环境（BE）本身的程度，而不是态度引起的住宅自我选择。迄今为止，大多数针对这个自我选择问题的研究都分为九种方法论类别：直接询问，统计控制，工具变量，样本选择，倾向得分，联合离散选择模型，结构方程模型，相互依赖的离散选择模型和纵向设计。本文回顾了使用这些方法的38个实证研究。几乎所有审查的研究都发现，考虑到自我选择后剩余的BE具有统计学上的显着影响。但是，很少评估这种影响的实际重要性。尽管认识到时间和资源的局限性，但我们建议使用带有控制组的纵向结构方程建模，该设计在所有因果关系方面均很强。

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