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Social Impacts of Transport: Literature Review and the State of the Practice of Transport Appraisal in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom

机译：运输的社会影响：荷兰和英国的文献综述和运输评估实践现状

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摘要

Transport appraisals in European countries increasingly address three dimensions of sustainability-economic, ecological and social. However, social impacts of transport have been underexposed in (ex-ante) transport project appraisal, at least in the Netherlands. Firstly, this article presents a theoretical framework describing the relationships between determinants of social impacts of transport; it also provides a definition and categorization of those impacts. Secondly, the article reviews the state of the practice of national transport project appraisal in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The article shows that social impacts of transport investments can take on many forms and their levels of importance may vary widely, in project appraisal. The UK transport appraisal guidance includes a spectrum of social impacts through quantitative and qualitative assessments that is broader than the Dutch appraisal guidance. However, it does not cover the full range as identified in the literature. This holds, in particular, for the temporary impacts of transport investments, health impacts, social cohesion, the distribution and accumulation of impacts across population groups and social justice. All in all, it can be concluded that there is a long way to go before social impacts of transport projects are completely included in appraisals, in a way that allows us to compare them to economic and ecological effects.
机译：欧洲国家的运输评估越来越关注可持续性的三个方面，即经济，生态和社会。但是，运输的社会影响在（事前）运输项目评估中暴露不足，至少在荷兰。首先，本文提出了一个理论框架，描述了运输对社会影响的决定因素之间的关系;它还提供了这些影响的定义和分类。其次，本文回顾了荷兰和英国的国家运输项目评估的实践状况。该文章表明，在项目评估中，运输投资的社会影响可以采取多种形式，其重要性水平可能相差很大。英国的交通评估指南通过定量和定性评估，涵盖了一系列社会影响，其范围比荷兰的评估指南还广泛。但是，它不能涵盖文献中确定的全部范围。这尤其适用于运输投资的临时影响，健康影响，社会凝聚力，影响在人群中的分布和积累以及社会正义。总而言之，可以得出结论，要使运输项目的社会影响完全纳入评估，还有很长的路要走，以使我们能够将其与经济和生态影响进行比较。

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