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Rates of HIV immune escape and reversion: implications for vaccination

机译:HIV免疫逃逸和逆转率:疫苗接种的意义

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HIV-1 mutates extensively in vivo to escape immune control by CD8+ T cells (CTLs). The CTL escape mutant virus might also revert back to wild-type upon transmission to new hosts if significant fitness costs are incurred by the mutation. Immune escape and reversion can be extremely fast if they occur very early after infection, whereas they are much slower when they begin later during infection. Immune escape presents a significant barrier to vaccination, because escape of vaccine-mediated immune responses could neutralise any benefits of vaccination. Here, we consider the dynamics of immune escape and reversion in vivo in natural infection, and suggest how understanding of this can be used to predict optimal vaccine targets and design vaccination strategies that maximise immune control. We predict that inducing synchronous, broad CTL by vaccination should limit the likelihood of viral escape from immune control.
机译:HIV-1在体内发生广泛突变,以逃避CD8 + T细胞(CTL)的免疫控制。如果CTL逃逸突变病毒传播至新宿主后,可能会导致其适应性成本显着提高,则它也可能恢复为野生型。如果它们在感染后很早就发生,则免疫逃逸和逆转可能会非常快,而在感染后期开始时,它们的逃逸和逆转则要慢得多。免疫逃逸是疫苗接种的重要障碍,因为疫苗介导的免疫反应的逃逸可能会中和疫苗接种的任何好处。在这里,我们考虑了自然感染中体内免疫逃逸和回复的动力学,并建议如何理解这一点可用于预测最佳疫苗靶点并设计可最大化免疫控制的疫苗接种策略。我们预测通过疫苗诱导同步,广泛的CTL应该限制病毒从免疫控制中逸出的可能性。

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