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Strategies of the home-team: symbioses exploited for vector-borne disease control

机译：主队的策略：共生酶被用于媒介传播疾病的控制

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摘要

Symbioses between eukaryotes and unicellular organisms are quite common, with examples copiously disseminated throughout the earth's biota. Arthropods, in particular, owe much of their ecological success to their microbial flora, which often provide supplements either lacking in the limited host diet or which the hosts are unable to synthesize. In addition to harboring beneficial microbes, many arthropods (vectors) also transmit pathogens to the animals and plants upon which they prey. Vector-borne diseases exact a high public health burden and additionally have a devastating impact on livestock and agriculture. Recent scientific discoveries have resulted in the development of powerful technologies for studying the vector's biology, to discover theweak links in disease transmission. One of the more challenging applications of these developments is transgenesis, which allows for insertion of foreign DNA into the insect's genome to modify its phenotype. In this review, we discuss an approach in which the naturally occurring commensal flora of insects are manipulated to express products that render their host environment inhospitable for pathogen transmission. Replacing susceptible insect genotypes with modified counterparts with reduced pathogen transmission ability, might provide a new set of armaments in the battle for vector-borne disease reduction.
机译：真核生物与单细胞生物之间的共生体非常普遍，其中实例大量传播到整个地球生物区系中。特别是节肢动物，其生态学上的成功很大程度上归功于其微生物菌群，而微生物菌群通常提供补充剂，这些补充剂要么缺乏有限的宿主饮食，要么宿主无法合成。除保留有益微生物外，许多节肢动物（媒介）还将病原体传播到它们捕食的动植物。媒介传播的疾病给公共卫生造成了沉重负担，并且对畜牧业和农业产生了毁灭性影响。最近的科学发现导致了研究媒介生物学的强大技术的发展，从而发现了疾病传播中的薄弱环节。这些发展中最具挑战性的应用之一是转基因，它允许将外源DNA插入昆虫的基因组以修饰其表型。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了一种方法，其中操纵昆虫的自然共生菌丛来表达使其宿主环境不适合病原体传播的产品。用降低病原体传播能力的改良对等基因替代易感昆虫基因型，可能会在减少媒介传播疾病的斗争中提供新的武器装备。

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