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首页> 外文期刊>Trends in Microbiology >The emergence and evolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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The emergence and evolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

机译：耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的出现和进化

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摘要

Significant advances have been made in recent years in our understanding of how methicillin resistance is acquired by Staphylococcus aureus. Integration of a staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) element into the chromosome converts drug-sensitive S. aureus into the notorious hospitai pathogen methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which is resistant to practically all β-lactam antibiotics. SCCmec is a novel class of mobile genetic element that is composed of the mec gene complex encoding methicillin resistance and the ccr gene complex that encodes recombinases responsible for its mobility. These elements also carry various resistance genes for non-β-lactam antibiotics. After acquiring an SCCmec element, MRSA undergoes several mutational events and evolves into the most difficult-to-treat pathogen in hospitals, against which all extant antibiotics including vancomycin are ineffective. Recent epidemiological data imply that MRSA has embarked on another evolutionary path as a community pathogen, as at least one novel SCCmec element seems to have been successful in converting S. aureus strains from the normal human flora into MRSA.
机译：近年来，在我们对金黄色葡萄球菌如何获得甲氧西林耐药性的理解上取得了重大进展。金黄色葡萄球菌盒式染色体mec（SCCmec）元件整合到染色体中后，可将对药物敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌转化为臭名昭著的霍皮斯病原体耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA），该菌株对几乎所有β-内酰胺抗生素均具有抵抗力。 SCCmec是一类新型的移动遗传元件，由编码甲氧西林抗性的mec基因复合体和编码负责其移动性的重组酶的ccr基因复合体组成。这些元素还带有非β-内酰胺类抗生素的各种抗性基因。获得了SCCmec元素后，MRSA经历了几次突变事件，并演变成医院中最难治疗的病原体，所有现存的抗生素（包括万古霉素）都对它无效。最新的流行病学数据表明，MRSA已作为社区病原体走上了另一条进化道路，因为至少一种新型SCCmec元素似乎已成功地将金黄色葡萄球菌菌株从正常人类菌群转化为MRSA。

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