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Nature and nurture in language acquisition: anatomical and functional brain-imaging studies in infants.

机译:语言习得中的自然与养育:婴儿的解剖学和功能性脑成像研究。

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摘要

Speech processing in adults relies on precise and specialized networks, located primarily in the left hemisphere. Behavioral studies in infants indicate that a considerable amount of language learning already takes place in the first year of life in the domains of phonology, prosody and word segmentation. Thanks to neuroimaging, we can move beyond behavioral methods and examine how the infant brain processes verbal stimuli before learning. These studies reveal a structural and functional organization close to what is described in adults and suggest a strong bias for speech processing in these regions that might guide infants as they discover the properties of their native language, although no evidence can be provided as yet for speech specificity of such networks. This review is part of the INMED/TINS special issue "Nature and nurture in brain development and neurological disorders", based on presentations at the annual INMED/TINS symposium (http://inmednet.com/).
机译:成人的语音处理依赖于主要位于左半球的精确和专门的网络。婴儿的行为研究表明,在语音的第一年中,语音,韵律和分词领域已经进行了大量的语言学习。多亏了神经影像学,我们可以超越行为方法,并在学习之前检查婴儿大脑如何处理言语刺激。这些研究揭示了结构和功能组织接近成人的情况,并暗示了这些地区语音处理的强烈偏见,可能会指导婴儿发现其母语的属性,尽管目前尚无法提供语音证据。这种网络的特异性。该评论是INMED / TINS​​特刊“大脑发育和神经系统疾病中的自然与养育”的一部分,该刊物以年度INMED / TINS​​专题讨论会(http://inmednet.com/)的演讲为基础。

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