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首页> 外文期刊>Carbohydrate Polymers: Scientific and Technological Aspects of Industrially Important Polysaccharides >Current views on fungal chitin/chitosan, human chitinases, food preservation, glucans, pectins and inulin: A tribute to Henri Braconnot, precursor of the carbohydrate polymers science, on the chitin bicentennial
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Current views on fungal chitin/chitosan, human chitinases, food preservation, glucans, pectins and inulin: A tribute to Henri Braconnot, precursor of the carbohydrate polymers science, on the chitin bicentennial

机译：关于真菌几丁质/壳聚糖，人类几丁质酶，食品保鲜，葡聚糖，果胶和菊粉的当前观点：向百年几百岁的几丁质碳水化合物聚合物科学的前者Henri Braconnot致敬

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摘要

Two hundred years ago, Henri Braconnot described a polysaccharide containing a substantial percent of nitrogen, later to be called chitin: that discovery stemmed from investigations on the composition of edible mushrooms and their nutritional value. The present interdisciplinary article reviews the major research topics explored by Braconnot, and assesses their importance in the light of our most advanced knowledge. Thus, the value of fungi, seafoods and insects is described in connection with the significance of the presence of chitin itself in foods, and chitinases in the human digestive system. The capacity of chitin/chitosan to depress the development of microbial pathogens, is discussed in terms of crop protection and food preservation. Other topics cherished by Braconnot, such as the isolation of pectin from a large number of plants, and inulin from the Helianthus tubers, are presented in up-to-date terms. Acids isolated from plants at that early time, led to enormous scientific advancements, in particular the glyoxylic acid and levulinic acid used for the preparation of soluble chitosan derivatives that paved the way to a number of applications. An opportunity to trace the origins of the carbohydrate polymers science, and to appreciate the European scientific heritage.
机译：两百年前，亨利·布拉孔诺（Henri Braconnot）描述了一种含有大量氮的多糖，后来称为甲壳质：这一发现源于对食用菌的成分及其营养价值的研究。本跨学科文章回顾了Braconnot探索的主要研究主题，并根据我们最先进的知识评估了它们的重要性。因此，真菌，海鲜和昆虫的价值与食物中甲壳素本身的存在以及人类消化系统中几丁质酶的重要性有关。从作物保护和食品保存的角度讨论了几丁质/壳聚糖抑制微生物病原体发展的能力。 Braconnot所怀有的其他主题，例如从大量植物中分离果胶，以及从向日葵块茎中提取菊粉，均以最新形式提出。早期从植物中分离出的酸导致了巨大的科学进步，特别是用于制备可溶性壳聚糖衍生物的乙醛酸和乙酰丙酸为许多应用铺平了道路。有机会追踪碳水化合物聚合物科学的起源，并欣赏欧洲的科学遗产。

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