Aggression is the most common behavior problem presented to veterinary behaviorists, followed by anxiety-related disorders such as separation anxiety and phobias. Traditionally, dominance aggression has most often been diagnosed, especially when evaluating owner-directed aggression. As a result of the label "dominance" being applied inthese cases, owners were often directed to establish themselves as higher ranking over the dog through the use of a variety of physical means (e.g. punishment, alpha rolls, leash hangs, pinch and shock collars). Escalation of aggressive responses often followed this approach.
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