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首页> 外文期刊>Veterinary Ophthalmology >Characterization of progressive keratitis in Otariids. (Special Issue: Zoo and exotic animals.)
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Characterization of progressive keratitis in Otariids. (Special Issue: Zoo and exotic animals.)

机译：Otariids中进行性角膜炎的特征。 （特刊：动物园和外来动物。）

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Objective: To characterize a form of progressive keratitis that occurs commonly in otariids. Materials and methods: One hundred and thirteen captive otariids were evaluated by ophthalmologic examination and digital photography. Results: Forty-six females and 67 males were in the reference population, average age of 14 years. California sea lions predominated (n=100); there were also six Steller sea lions, five brown fur seals, one Guadalupe fur seal and one northern fur seal. Three stages of progressive keratitis are described. Overall, 64.6% animals and 142 eyes from 113 animals (62.8%) were affected with one of three stages. The mildest form, Stage 1 keratitis, occurred in 78 of 226 eyes (34.5%); the intermediate Stage 2 keratitis occurred in 30 of 226 eyes (13.3%); and the most severe, Stage 3 keratitis, occurred in 34 of 226 eyes (15%). All but six animals had bilateral disease. Animals with Stage 1 keratitis were significantly younger than those in more advanced stages. Discussion: 'Otariid Keratitis' occurs in all populations of eared seals evaluated. A large-scale epidemiological study is ongoing to identify the risk factors that contribute to this disease. Exposure to chronic sunlight appears to be an important risk factor as shade diminishes clinical signs; animals kept out of sunlight the majority of the time have less severe clinical signs. Age may be important since exposure accumulates with aging. Progression of the disease is also associated with secondary opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections. The surface immune system may be imbalanced contributing to these infections and progression.
机译：目的：鉴定一种常见于耳ari类疾病的进行性角膜炎。材料和方法：通过眼科检查和数字照相法评估了113个俘获的otariids。结果：参考人群中有46名女性和67名男性，平均年龄14岁。加利福尼亚海狮占主导地位（ n = 100）;还有六头斯特勒海狮，五头棕色海狗，一头瓜达卢佩海狗和一头北海狗。描述了进行性角膜炎的三个阶段。总体而言，共有113个动物（62.8％）的64.6％的动物和142只眼睛受到了三个阶段之一的影响。最轻度的1期角膜炎发生在226只眼中的78只眼中（34.5％）; 226眼中的30眼发生了中级2期角膜炎（13.3％）;最严重的3期角膜炎发生在226眼中的34眼（占15％）。除六只动物外，所有动物均患有双侧疾病。患有1期角膜炎的动物比处于晚期的动物明显年轻。讨论：'Otariid角膜炎'发生在所有评估过的海豹种群中。正在进行一项大规模的流行病学研究，以确定导致该疾病的危险因素。暴露于慢性阳光下似乎是重要的危险因素，因为阴影会减少临床症状。大多数情况下，避免阳光照射的动物的临床症状较轻。年龄可能很重要，因为暴露会随着年龄的增长而累积。该疾病的进展还与继发的机会性细菌和真菌感染有关。表面免疫系统可能失衡，导致这些感染和进展。

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