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首页> 外文期刊>Bois et Forets des Tropiques >Pour une production durable des plantations d'eucalyptus au Congo : la fertilisationFertilisation: A crucial factor for the sustainability of eucalyptus plantations in the Congo
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Pour une production durable des plantations d'eucalyptus au Congo : la fertilisationFertilisation: A crucial factor for the sustainability of eucalyptus plantations in the Congo

机译：施肥：刚果桉树人工林可持续性的关键因素

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摘要

Since 1978, 42 000 ha of clonal eucalyptus plantations have been established in the coastal savannah lands around Pointe-Noire. Studies over the last 20 years have been seeking to define nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertiliser requirements and their variation over successive rotations. Starter doses per hectare were established as 16 kg N, 7 kg P and 20 kg K, then 20 kg N, 9 kg P and 25 kg K two years later. During the first coppice rotation, per hectare amounts after one and a half years were 40 kg N, 18 kg P and 50 kg K. These doses had to be increased by one third during the second coppice rotation. On replanting after three stand rotations, NPK starter doses were twice as high as for stands planted on savannah. The increase in NPK fertiliser requirements in successive rotations is mainly due to the increased need for N fertilisation in stands. This is consistent with the high nitrogen unbalance in the mineral budget (apprxeq 500 kg N ha-1 after three rotations). This is mainly due to the removal of elements contained in trunks and firewood and to N leaching from decomposing slashes. The unbalance accounts for 30 % of potential N mineralisation in the first 50 cm of topsoil. The sustainability of these plantations is therefore closely dependent on N inputs into the ecosystem.
机译：自1978年以来，在黑角山脉附近的热带稀树草原土地上建立了42 000公顷的无核桉树人工林。过去20年的研究一直在试图确定氮（N），磷（P）和钾（K）的肥料需求及其在连续轮作中的变化。确定每公顷起始剂量为16 kg N，7 kg P和20 kg K，然后在两年后确定20 kg N，9 kg P和25 kgK。在第一次小灌木林轮作期间，一年半后的每公顷耕地量分别为40 kg N，18 kg P和50 kgK。在第二次小灌木林轮作期间，这些剂量必须增加三分之一。在三个林分旋转后重新种植时，NPK起始剂量是在大草原上生长的林分的两倍。连续轮作中NPK肥料需求的增加主要是由于林分中对氮肥的需求增加。这与矿物预算中的高氮失衡相符（三轮后约500 kg N ha-1）。这主要是由于去除了树干和木柴中所含的元素，以及由于分解斜线造成的N浸出。不平衡占表土前50厘米中潜在N矿化的30％。因此，这些人工林的可持续性紧密依赖于生态系统中的氮投入。

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