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首页> 外文期刊>Virus Research: An International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Virology >Use of ex vivo and in vitro cultures of the human respiratory tract to study the tropism and host responses of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) and other influenza viruses
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Use of ex vivo and in vitro cultures of the human respiratory tract to study the tropism and host responses of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) and other influenza viruses

机译：利用人类呼吸道的离体和体外培养物研究高致病性甲型禽流感（H5N1）和其他流感病毒的向性和宿主反应

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摘要

The tropism of influenza viruses for the human respiratory tract is a key determinant of host-range, and consequently, of pathogenesis and transmission. Insights can be obtained from clinical and autopsy studies of human disease and relevant animal models. Ex vivo cultures of the human respiratory tract and in vitro cultures of primary human cells can provide complementary information provided they are physiologically comparable in relevant characteristics to human tissues in vivo, e.g. virus receptor distribution, state of differentiation. We review different experimental models for their physiological relevance and summarize available data using these cultures in relation to highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1, in comparison where relevant, with other influenza viruses. Transformed continuous cell-lines often differ in important ways to the corresponding tissues in vivo.The state of differentiation of primary human cells (respiratory epithelium, macrophages) can markedly affect virus tropism and host responses. Ex vivo cultures of human respiratory tissues provide a close resemblance to tissues in vivo and may be used to risk assess animal viruses for pandemic threat. Physiological factors (age, inflammation) can markedly affect virus receptor expression and virus tropism.Taken together with data from clinical studies on infected humans and relevant animal models, data from ex vivo and in vitro cultures of human tissues and cells can provide insights into virus transmission and pathogenesis and may provide understanding that leads to novel therapeutic interventions.
机译：流感病毒对人类呼吸道的嗜性是宿主范围的关键决定因素，因此也是发病机理和传播的关键决定因素。可以从人类疾病和相关动物模型的临床和尸检研究中获得见解。人呼吸道的离体培养物和原代人细胞的体外培养物可以提供互补的信息，只要它们在相关特征上在生理上可与体内人体组织相比，例如在生理上可比。病毒受体分布，分化状态。我们回顾了不同实验模型的生理相关性，并总结了使用这些培养物与高致病性禽流感H5N1相关的可用数据，并在相关情况下与其他流感病毒进行了比较。转化后的连续细胞系通常在体内与相应的组织在重要方面有所不同。人类原代细胞（呼吸道上皮，巨噬细胞）的分化状态会显着影响病毒的向性和宿主反应。人呼吸组织的离体培养物与体内组织非常相似，可用于对动物病毒进行大流行威胁的风险评估。生理因素（年龄，炎症）会显着影响病毒受体的表达和病毒向性，再结合对受感染人类和相关动物模型的临床研究数据，对人体组织和细胞的离体和体外培养数据可以提供对病毒的见解传播和发病机制，并可能提供导致新颖治疗干预的理解。

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