Managers, whether in public or private sector organisations, often get a raw deal. Public perceptions of them are not always positive; they are often cited as a source of inefficiency and bureaucratic waste; their role and purpose is often unclear. At their worst managers can be actively hostile; they can be abusive to employees, they can bully and lay blame; it is these behaviours that lead to stress and poor well-being for individuals, absence from work or even permanent departure from jobs. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development recently identified 'poor management' as one of the top causes of work-related stress: 'for more than 60% of employees their immediate manager is the most stressful aspect of their job'[1]
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