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Customised titanium implant fabricated in additive manufacturing for craniomaxillofacial surgery

机译：定制的钛植入物，用于增材制造中的颅颌面外科手术

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Customised implants manufacture has always presented difficulties which result in high cost and complex fabrication, mainly due to patients' anatomical differences. The solution has been to produce prostheses with different sizes and use the one that best suits each patient. Additive manufacturing (AM) as a technology from engineering has been providing several advancements in the medical field, particularly as far as fabrication of implants is concerned. The use of additive manufacturing in medicine has added, in an era of development of so many new technologies, the possibility of performing the surgical planning and simulation by using a three-dimensional (3D) physical model, very faithful to the patient's anatomy. AM is a technology that enables the production of models and implants directly from the 3D virtual model (obtained by a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) system, computed tomography or magnetic resonance) facilitating surgical procedures and reducing risks. Furthermore, additive manufacturing has been used to produce implants especially designed for a particular patient, with sizes, shapes and mechanical properties optimised, for areas of medicine such as craniomaxillofacial surgery. This work presents how AM technologies were applied to design and fabricate a biomodel and customised implant for the surgical reconstruction of a large cranial defect. A series of computed tomography data was obtained and software was used to extract the cranial geometry. The protocol presented was used for creation of an anatomic biomodel of the bone defect for the surgical planning and, finally, the design and manufacture of the patient-specific implant.
机译：定制的植入物制造一直存在困难，这导致成本高昂和制造复杂，主要是由于患者的解剖学差异。解决方案是生产尺寸不同的假体，并使用最适合每个患者的假体。作为工程技术的增材制造（AM）在医学领域已经取得了一些进步，尤其是在植入物的制造方面。在如此众多新技术的发展时代，医学中增材制造的使用增加了通过使用三维（3D）物理模型来执行手术计划和模拟的可能性，这对患者的解剖结构非常忠实。 AM是一项技术，可直接从3D虚拟模型（通过计算机辅助设计（CAD）系统，计算机断层扫描或磁共振成像获得）生成模型和植入物，从而简化了手术程序并降低了风险。此外，增材制造已被用于生产专门为特定患者设计的植入物，其尺寸，形状和机械性能均得到优化，用于医学领域（如颅颌面外科）。这项工作介绍了如何将增材制造技术应用于设计和制造用于大颅骨缺损的外科手术重建的生物模型和定制植入物。获得了一系列计算机断层扫描数据，并使用软件提取了颅骨几何形状。提出的协议用于创建骨缺损的解剖生物模型，以进行外科手术计划，最后用于患者特定植入物的设计和制造。

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