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首页> 外文期刊>Wildlife Society Bulletin >Plants and Breeding Bird Response on a Managed Conservation Reserve Program Grassland in Maryland
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Plants and Breeding Bird Response on a Managed Conservation Reserve Program Grassland in Maryland

机译：马里兰州自然保护区管理草原上的植物和繁殖鸟类反应

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Currently over 14.6 million ha of land at an annual cost of US 1.76 billion dollar are enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). The habitat benefits of CRP frequently are lauded, but documentation that wildlife is responding as hoped is urgently needed. We evaluated plant and breeding bird responses to 92.4 ha of CRP grasslands at Chino Farms in northeastern Maryland, USA. In 1999 we seeded 12 contiguous CRP fields with 5 mixtures of warm-season grasses representing various growth-form heights in a replicated experimental design, and used mowing and topical herbicide applications to control noxious weeds and facilitate stand establishment. In 6 years cumulative plant species richness increased to 261, 105 of which were species exotic to the region. During the third growing season, we initiated a schedule of prescribed burning on a 3-year rotation to remove accumulated litter and to retard woody succession, and in 2003 we added additional management to control aggressive plant species. Several at-risk bird species colonized the restored grasslands in the first year and established sustainable breeding populations. We implemented a comprehensive observation and banding program, which included mapping male territories for selected bird species and recording nest locations. We marked 1,985 grasshopper sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum; GRSPs) in 7 years. Breeding GRSP populations ranged annually from 70 to 90 socially monogamous pairs with an additional 40 non-territorial males. Annual return rates in the last 5 years were 57% for adult males, 41% for adult females, and 12% for hatch-year individuals. Adults and young birds exhibited high site fidelity, but overgrown fields left unburned for 2-3 years were unpopulated by GRSPs but attractedseveral shrub-land bird species. Habitat preference for territories was influenced more by vegetation structure than by plant species composition. We recommend the management of grasslands restored for birds include spatial and temporal rotation of prescribed fire and herbicide applications to sustain vegetation physical structure rather than species composition. (WILDLIFE SOCIETY
机译：目前，保护储备计划（CRP）登记了超过1,460万公顷的土地，每年花费17.6亿美元。 CRP对栖息地的好处经常受到称赞，但是迫切需要证明野生动植物能够如期做出响应的文件。我们评估了美国东北马里兰州奇诺农场（Chno Farms）对92.4公顷CRP草原的植物和繁殖鸟类的反应。在1999年，我们通过重复的实验设计在12个连续的CRP田地中播种了5种代表不同生长形式高度的暖季草混合物，并使用了割草和局部除草剂应用来控制有害杂草并促进林分建立。在6年中，植物物种丰富度累计增加到261，其中有105种是该地区特有的物种。在第三个生长季节，我们启动了一项规定的计划时间表，每三年旋转一次，以清除累积的凋落物并延缓木本演替; 2003年，我们增加了管理措施，以控制侵略性植物物种。在第一年，几种高危鸟类在恢复的草原上定居，并建立了可持续的繁殖种群。我们实施了一项全面的观察和围带计划，其中包括绘制雄性领土的特定鸟类图谱并记录巢穴位置。在7年内，我们标记了1,985只蚱grass麻雀（Ammodramus savannarum; GRSPs）。每年繁殖的GRSP人口范围为70至90对社会一夫一妻制，另外还有40个非领地男性。过去5年中，成年男性的年回报率为57％，成年女性为41％，孵化年个体为12％。成年和幼鸟表现出很高的保真度，但是未烧毁2-3年的杂草丛生的草地没有GRSP种群，但吸引了几种灌木地鸟类。栖息地对领土的偏好受植被结构的影响大于受植物物种组成的影响。我们建议对鸟类恢复的草原进行管理，包括规定的火在空间和时间上的旋转以及除草剂的施用，以维持植被的物理结构而不是物种组成。 （市民社会

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