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首页> 外文期刊>Weed Research >The impacts of traditional and novel herbicide application methods on target plants, non-target plants and production in intensive grasslands
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The impacts of traditional and novel herbicide application methods on target plants, non-target plants and production in intensive grasslands

机译：传统和新型除草剂施用方法对集约化草原上目标植物，非目标植物和生产的影响

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Herbicides contribute significantly to agricultural intensification, but some negatively impact non-target organisms. Much research has focused on reducing herbicide use through technological improvements in application and herbicide selectivity, but impacts on non-target organisms are less well understood. Using experimental plots in silage systems, we investigated impacts of herbicides (both narrow spectrum targeting broad-leaved plants and selective and non-selective broad spectrum) applied using traditional techniques (blanket- and manual spot-spraying) and a novel application technique (automated spot-spraying) on non-target plant richness/diversity, target weed presence (Rumex species) and production (DM yield). All herbicides reduced non-target plant richness/diversity and sometimes target weeds (when applied using traditional methods). Automated spot-spraying had fewer negative effects on non-target organisms, but did not reduce target weeds. No differences in production levels among treatments were observed. The automated spot-spraying technique requires further research and development. Our results indicate that 2030% weed cover does not significantly alter production and so, as herbicides are expensive, their effects on non-target organisms and the environment can be more significant than their benefits to production. We advocate more research into the relationships between weed infestation and production in grasslands, so that the propensity to overuse herbicides is reduced.
机译：除草剂对农业集约化做出了重要贡献，但对非目标生物产生了负面影响。许多研究都集中在通过技术改进和减少除草剂的选择性来减少除草剂的使用，但是对非目标生物的影响了解得还很少。使用青贮饲料系统中的实验地块，我们研究了使用传统技术（毛毯和手动点喷）和新型应用技术（自动化）施用除草剂（针对阔叶植物的窄谱以及选择性和非选择性广谱）的影响点喷）非目标植物的丰富度/多样性，目标杂草的存在（Rumex物种）和产量（DM产量）。所有除草剂均会降低非目标植物的丰富度/多样性，有时会降低目标杂草（使用传统方法施用时）。自动点喷对非目标生物的负面影响较小，但并未减少目标杂草。在各处理之间未观察到生产水平的差异。自动点喷技术需要进一步的研究和开发。我们的结果表明，2030％的杂草覆盖率不会显着改变生产，因此，由于除草剂价格昂贵，其对非目标生物和环境的影响可能比其对生产的好处更为重要。我们主张对草地杂草侵染与生产之间的关系进行更多的研究，以减少过度使用除草剂的可能性。

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