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首页> 外文期刊>World Aquaculture >The Oregon hatchery research center: an experimental laboratory in a natural setting.
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The Oregon hatchery research center: an experimental laboratory in a natural setting.

机译：俄勒冈州孵化场研究中心：自然环境中的实验实验室。

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Discussions and debates about hatcheries and differences between hatchery and wild salmon have a high profile in the Pacific Northwest (Araki et al. 2007). Oregon has taken the lead to resolve these debates by establishing the Oregon Hatchery Research Center (OHRC). We will describe the OHRC (Figure 1), but first we will give a brief review of some history to put things in context. We apologize to readers for this brief summary of fish hatcheries and hatchery production. We risk belaboring the obvious because it is important for us to draw the distinctions we will make later in this article. Hatcheries and hatchery production of fishes have a long history in North America and elsewhere (Fishery Board of Scotland 1886, Maitland 1887, MacCrimmon 1965, Moring 2000). There are records of captive production and rearing of fishes in China from at least as early as 2,000 BCE. Hickling (1962) summarized the early history of aquaculture in China, Europe and elsewhere. Those earliest examples of captive breeding and rearing of fishes have continued their role in food production for direct human consumption, in what usually is described as intensive culture or fish farming. Fish farming, like other kinds of intensive production, is perhaps the most widely known form of aquaculture (Bardach et al. 1972, Huet 1970). Fish farming is one of the most rapidly growing forms of animal production, including a variety of marine and freshwater species (Leitritz and Lewis 1980, Pullin and Lowe-McConnell 1982, Smitherman et al. 1978, Usui 1991, FAO 2006). Fish farming is currently dominated by China, a consequence of its long history there and the large human population with a tradition of fish consumption (Figure 2).
机译：关于孵化场以及孵化场与野生鲑鱼之间的差异的讨论和辩论在西北太平洋地区备受瞩目（Araki等，2007）。俄勒冈州率先建立了俄勒冈孵化场研究中心（OHRC），以解决这些辩论。我们将描述OHRC（图1），但是首先，我们将简要回顾一些历史，以便将其置于上下文中。对于此鱼类孵化场和孵化场生产的简短总结，我们深表歉意。我们可能会冒充明显的东西的风险，因为对我们来说，要在本文中稍后进行区分是很重要的。在北美和其他地方，鱼类的孵化场和孵化场生产已有悠久的历史（苏格兰渔业局1886年，梅特兰1887年，麦克里蒙1965年，莫林2000年）。至少从公元前2000年开始就有在中国圈养和养鱼的记录。 Hickling（1962）总结了中国，欧洲和其他地区水产养殖的早期历史。那些最早的圈养繁殖和饲养鱼类的例子继续在人们直接食用的粮食生产中继续发挥作用，通常被称为集约化养殖或养鱼业。像其他集约化生产一样，鱼类养殖可能是最广为人知的水产养殖形式（Bardach等，1972; Huet，1970）。养鱼是动物生产增长最快的形式之一，包括各种海洋和淡水物种（Leitritz和Lewis 1980，Pullin和Lowe-McConnell 1982，Smitherman等1978，Usui 1991，FAO 2006）。由于中国悠久的历史和拥有鱼类消费传统的人口众多，因此目前以中国为主导的鱼类养殖（图2）。

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