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首页> 外文期刊>World journal of gastroenterology : >Gastric cancer: Prevention, screening and early diagnosis
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Gastric cancer: Prevention, screening and early diagnosis

机译：胃癌：预防，筛查和早期诊断

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Gastric cancer continues to be an important healthcare problem from a global perspective. Most of the cases in the Western world are diagnosed at late stages when the treatment is largely ineffective. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a well-established carcinogen for gastric cancer. While lifestyle factors are important, the efficacy of interventions in their modification, as in the use of antioxidant supplements, is unconvincing. No organized screening programs can be found outside Asia (Japan and South Korea). Although several screening approaches have been proposed, including indirect atrophy detection by measuring pepsinogen in the circulation, none of them have so far been implemented, and more study data is required to justify any implementation. Mass eradication of H. pylori in high-risk areas tends to be cost-effective, but its adverse effects and resistance remain a concern. Searches for new screening biomarkers, including microRNA and cancer-autoantibody panels, as well as detection of volatile organic compounds in the breath, are in progress. Endoscopy with a proper biopsy follow-up remains the standard for early detection of cancer and related premalignant lesions. At the same time, new advanced high-resolution endoscopic technologies are showing promising results with respect to diagnosing mucosal lesions visually and targeting each biopsy. New histological risk stratifications (classifications), including OLGA and OLGIM, have recently been developed. This review addresses the current means for gastric cancer primary and secondary prevention, the available and emerging methods for screening, and new developments in endoscopic detection of early lesions of the stomach. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：从全球的角度来看，胃癌仍然是重要的医疗保健问题。在西方国家，大多数病例是在治疗无效的晚期才被诊断出来的。幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）感染是一种公认​​的胃癌致癌物。尽管生活方式因素很重要，但如使用抗氧化剂补充剂那样，对干预措施进行修改的效果令人信服。在亚洲（日本和韩国）以外找不到任何有组织的筛查程序。尽管已经提出了几种筛查方法，包括通过测量循环中的胃蛋白酶原进行间接萎缩检测，但迄今为止尚未实现，需要更多的研究数据来证明任何实施方法都是正确的。在高危地区大规模根除幽门螺杆菌往往具有成本效益，但其不利影响和耐药性仍然令人担忧。正在寻找新的筛选生物标志物，包括microRNA和癌症自身抗体组，以及检测呼吸中的挥发性有机化合物。内镜检查和适当的活检随访仍然是早期检测癌症和相关癌前病变的标准。同时，新的先进高分辨率内窥镜技术在视觉诊断粘膜病变和针对每个活检标本方面显示出令人鼓舞的结果。最近已经开发了新的组织学风险分层（分类），包括OLGA和OLGIM。这篇综述涉及胃癌一级和二级预防的当前手段，可用的和新兴的筛查方法以及内窥镜检测早期胃部病变的新进展。 （C）2014百事登出版集团有限公司。保留所有权利。

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