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A new mechanism of invader success: Exotic plant inhibits natural vegetation restoration by changing soil microbe community

机译：入侵者成功的新机制：外来植物通过改变土壤微生物群落来抑制自然植被的恢复

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Since the 1950s of the last century, the exotic plant, Eupatorium adenophorum, has spread rapidly across southwest China, damaging native ecosystems and causing great economic losses. We examined the pH, N, P, K, and organic matter concentrations, and the bacterial community character (by Biolog EcoPlate~(TM)) in soils from sites heavily and lightly invaded by this exotic species. Also, soil from the lightly invaded site was treated with a water extract of E. adenophorum roots to examine the effect of the plant on soil properties. We grew three plant species, one native and two exotic, in pot experiment using soil from heavily invaded site to examine the effects of the soil on these plants growth. The soil analysis demonstrated that the pH, organic matter, total N, total P and total K in soils from the heavily invaded site were only slightly different from those of the lightly invaded site, but concentrations of NH_4~+, NO_3~- and available P and K in the heavily invaded site were greater than those in the lightly invaded site. The catabolic activity of soil bacterial community in the heavily invaded site was different from that in the lightly invaded site. The catabolic activity of bacterial community in soils treated by the water extract of E. adenophorum roots changed and became similar to that in soils from the heavily invaded site. The pot experiment showed that the exotic plants growth in heavily invaded soil were not different from in lightly invaded soil; however, the native plant biomass decreased dramatically when grown in soil from the heavily invaded site as compared to soil from the lightly invaded site; and the same phenomenon was found when any potential allelopathic effects by E. adenophorum were eliminated by added activated carbon to those soils. Difference in soil nutrient availability and allelopathy could not explain this phenomenon of the native plant in the soils from the heavily and lightly invaded sites. Changes observed in the soil bacterial community were obviously related to native plant growth in those tow soils. Those results suggest that changing soil microbial community may be an important part of E. adenophorum invasion process. Since the soil microbial community serves as bridge in connection of exotic and natural plants, the exotic plant could inhibit the natural plant growth and reproduction by changing the soil microbial community in invaded site.
机译：从上个世纪的1950年代开始，外来植物紫茎泽兰在中国西南地区迅速传播，破坏了原生生态系统并造成了巨大的经济损失。我们检查了pH值，N，P，K和有机物的浓度，以及受到该外来物种严重和轻度入侵的土壤中细菌的群落特征（通过Biolog EcoPlate〜（TM））。另外，用紫茎泽兰根的水提取物处理了轻度入侵部位的土壤，以检查植物对土壤特性的影响。在盆栽实验中，我们使用了来自严重入侵地区的土壤来种植三种植物，一种是本土植物，两种是外来植物，以研究土壤对这些植物生长的影响。土壤分析表明，重度入侵地区土壤的pH，有机质，总氮，总磷和总钾与轻度入侵地区的土壤仅略有不同，但NH_4〜+，NO_3〜-的浓度和有效重度侵袭部位的P和K大于轻度侵袭部位的P和K。重度入侵地区土壤细菌群落的分解代谢活性与轻度入侵地区不同。紫茎泽兰根水提取物处理过的土壤中细菌群落的分解代谢活性发生了变化，变得与重度入侵地区的土壤相似。盆栽试验表明，重度入侵土壤中的外来植物与轻度入侵土壤中的植物没有差异。然而，与轻度入侵地区的土壤相比，在重度入侵地区的土壤中生长时，本地植物生物量急剧下降。当向土壤中添加活性炭消除紫茎泽兰的任何潜在化感作用时，也会发现相同的现象。土壤养分利用率和化感作用的差异无法解释这种土壤植物在重度和轻度入侵地区的这种现象。土壤细菌群落中观察到的变化显然与那些拖曳土壤中的天然植物生长有关。这些结果表明，改变土壤微生物群落可能是紫茎泽兰入侵过程的重要组成部分。由于土壤微生物群落充当了外来植物与天然植物之间联系的桥梁，因此外来植物可以通过改变入侵地区的土壤微生物群落来抑制天然植物的生长和繁殖。

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