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Phylogenetic position of sponges in early metazoan evolution and bionic applications of siliceous sponge spicules

机译:海绵在新生代早期进化中的系统发生位置和硅质海绵针的仿生应用

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摘要

Sponges are the oldest and the simplest but not primitive multicellular animals. They represent the earliest evolutionary metazoan phylum still extant. It was a long and painful scientific process to position the most enigmatic and mysterious metazoan, the Porifera, into their correct phylogenetic place among the eukaryotes in general and multicellular animals in particular. As living fossils, sponges provide the best evidence for the early evolution of Metazoa. More recently, interest has been focused on the bionic applications of sponges' siliceous spicules, after the discovery of their unique structure and high fiber performance. In this review, the emergence of sponges, evolutionary novelties found in sponges, and the phylogenetic position of sponges in early metazoan evolution are highlighted. In addition, the present state of knowledge on silicatein-mediated "biosilica" formation in marine sponges, including the involvement of other molecules in silica metabolism and their potential application in nanobiotechnology and medicine, is given.
机译:海绵是最古老,最简单但不是原始的多细胞动物。它们代表仍存在的最早的进化后生门。将最神秘,最神秘的后生动物Porifera置于真核生物中,特别是多细胞动物中,在正确的系统发育位置上是一个漫长而痛苦的科学过程。作为活化石,海绵为后生动物的早期进化提供了最好的证据。最近,在发现海绵硅质针的独特结构和高纤维性能后,人们将注意力集中在海绵硅质针的仿生应用上。在这篇综述中,重点介绍了海绵的出现,在海绵中发现的进化新奇以及海绵在后生动物早期进化中的系统发育位置。另外,给出了关于在海洋海绵中硅酸盐蛋白介导的“生物二氧化硅”形成的当前知识状态,包括其他分子参与二氧化硅代谢及其在纳米生物技术和医学中的潜在应用。

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