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首页> 外文期刊>Chinese science bulletin >The roles of rare males in populations of the brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica
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The roles of rare males in populations of the brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica

机译：稀有雄性在卤水虾孤雌生殖种群中的作用

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The rare males occurring in low numbers in populations of Artemia parthenogenetica may arise from the fusion of two haploid X cells after the second meiotic division, There is no unanimous overview concerning the role and ability of these asexually produced males to hybridize with bisexual females. Bo wen et al. first succeeded in crossing 4 rare males originated from India, Japan and France with females of A. franciscana and A, urmiana. In that study, fertilization was confirmed by Mendelian -segregation patterns of genetic markers in the offspring and the possibility of pseudogamy excluded. However, each of the 59 rare males from France was mated to females of A. franciscana, A. tunisiana and A. persimilis, and no evidence was found by MacDonald and Browne121 for the ability of rare males to inbreed (or outbreed) with the sexual females. Their histological examination of the rare males indicated that the testes appeared to be normal and functional, and the sperms both in testes and vasa deferentica of rare males were revealed, In other words, the asexually produced males were not sterile in the physiological sense. Lately MacDonald and Browne thought that the rare males in an obligately asexual population with the male: female sex ratio as highas 1:67 were also nonfunctional, Cai and Gao succeeded in crossing the rare males from Hebei Province, with the females of Artemia sinica originated from Shanxi Province, and found that the level of genetic variation was raised significantly by the crossing experiments. On the contrary, recent isozyme and mtDNA work found that the rare males carried genetic markers identical to their maternal genotypes, In this note we reconfirmed the fertilization of rare males and the genetic differentiation between rare males and their maternal types, and investigated the ecological significance of asexually produced males to the brine shrimp Artemia populations, The results presented here showed that (i) the rare males can be mated to the females of bisexual A. sinica and the progenies consisting of male and non-asexual females in roughly equal numbers were successfully produced; (ii) there was obvious differentiation between rare males and their parthenogenetic females, (iii) the rare males may be advantageous to the existence of their maternal females and play an important role in the genetic adaptability to the ecological environments.
机译：在第二次减数分裂分裂后，单性生殖性Artemia种群中数量很少的雄性雄性可能是由两个单倍体X细胞的融合引起的。关于这些无性繁殖的雄性与双性雌性杂交的作用和能力没有一致的综述。博文等。首次成功地将4个来自印度，日本和法国的稀有雄性与A. franciscana和A. urmiana的雌性杂交。在那项研究中，通过后代中遗传标记的孟德尔分离模式证实了受精，并且排除了准配偶的可能性。但是，来自法国的59只稀有雄性中的每只都与弗朗西斯卡纳种，法国曲霉和波斯白僵菌的雌性交配，MacDonald和Browne121没有发现稀有雄性与近亲（近交）近交（或近交）能力的证据。性女性。他们对稀有雄性的组织学检查表明，睾丸看起来正常且功能正常，并且在稀有雄性的睾丸和输精管中都发现了精子，换句话说，无性繁殖的雄性在生理意义上不是无菌的。麦克唐纳（MacDonald）和布朗（Browne）最近认为，在专心无性的人口中，男性与女性的比例高达1:67的稀有雄性也没有任何作用，蔡和高成功地将河北省的稀有雄性横渡了，中华Art的雌性起源来自山西省的研究发现，通过杂交实验，遗传变异的水平显着提高。相反，最近的同工酶和mtDNA研究发现稀有雄性具有与其母本基因型相同的遗传标记。在本文中，我们再次确认了稀有雄性的受精以及稀有雄性与其母型之间的遗传分化，并研究了其生态学意义盐水虾卤虫种群中无性繁殖的雄性的数量，此处显示的结果表明（i）稀有雄性可以与双性恋中华A的雌性交配，由雄性和非无性雌性组成的后代大致相等成功生产; （ii）稀有雄性和孤雌生殖雌性之间有明显的区别;（iii）稀有雄性可能有利于其母本雌性的存在，并在遗传对生态环境的适应性中发挥重要作用。

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