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首页> 外文期刊>Chinese science bulletin >Macrocyclic compound as ionophores in lead(II) ion-selective electrodes with excellent response characteristics
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Macrocyclic compound as ionophores in lead(II) ion-selective electrodes with excellent response characteristics

机译：大环化合物作为铅离子（II）离子选择电极中的离子载体，具有出色的响应特性

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摘要

Macrocyclic compounds, such as crown ethers, azacrown ethers, thiacrown ethers, calixarenes and porphyrins, which act as ionophores in lead(II) ion-selective electrodes, are systematically summarized based on the latest literatures. The molecular structure characteristics of the ionophores are generalized. The modification regulations for the substituted ionophores are elaborated with the purpose of improving the response features of the lead(II) ion-selective electrodes assembled by them. It is pointed out that the introduction of pendant moieties which contain soft base coordination centers like N, S and P atoms is in favor of adjusting the cavity size and conformation of the macrocyclic compounds. Furthermore, there is synergic effect between the cavity and the donor sites of the ligand and thus the selective complexation of lead ions is easily realized, resulting in significant avoidance of the interference from other metal ions. The macrocyclic ionophore having the best response characteristics thus far was found to be N,N'-dimethylcyanodiaza-18-crown-6 with the detection limit of 7.0x10(-8) (14.5 mu g/L), which is one of the uncommon ionophores that can really eliminate the interference from silver and mercury ions. The selectivity coefficients of the ionophore for lead ions over other metal ions, such as alkali, alkaline earth and transition metal ions are in the order of 10(-4) or smaller, where the selectivity coefficient of lead(II) over mercury(II) ions is much lower, down to 8.9x10(-4). The structure design idea for high-performance ionophore is proposed according to present results. The incorporation of nitrogen atom, especially cyano group or thiocyano group or amino/imino groups, rather than thio atom alone could result in new excellent lead ionophores. The aborative design for metacyclophanes containing aromatic nitrogen atoms with the aim of creating excellent ionophores would also become a potential research trend. The lead(II) ion-selective electrodes have shown widely potential applications in the potentiometric titration, and flow injection potentiometry, and in the direct determination of lead in stack emissions of lead smelters, and assay of lead in rocks, particularly in the direct measurements of trace amount of lead(II) in human hair, blood, edible oil, food, water, and air.
机译：在最新文献的基础上，系统地总结了大环化合物，如冠醚，氮杂皇冠醚，硫杂皇冠醚，杯芳烃和卟啉，它们在铅（II）离子选择电极中充当离子载体。概括了离子载体的分子结构特征。详细阐述了对取代离子载体的修饰规定，目的是改善由它们组装的铅（II）离子选择电极的响应特性。应当指出的是，引入包含诸如N，S和P原子之类的软碱配位中心的侧基部分有利于调节空腔尺寸和大环化合物的构象。此外，在空腔与配体的供体位点之间具有协同作用，因此容易实现铅离子的选择性络合，从而显着避免了来自其他金属离子的干扰。迄今为止，具有最佳响应特性的大环离子载体为N，N'-二甲基氰基二氮杂-18-crown-6，检出限为7.0x10（-8）（14.5μg / L），是其中之一。能真正消除银离子和汞离子干扰的罕见离子载体。离子载体对铅离子对其他金属离子（如碱金属，碱土金属和过渡金属离子）的选择性系数约为10（-4）或更小，其中铅（II）对汞（II）的选择性系数）离子要低得多，低至8.9x10（-4）。根据目前的研究结果，提出了高性能离子载体的结构设计思路。引入氮原子，特别是氰基或硫氰基或氨基/亚氨基，而不是单独引入硫原子，可以产生新的优异的铅离子载体。含有芳香族氮原子的偏环环烷类的芳香化设计，旨在创造出优异的离子载体，也将成为潜在的研究趋势。铅（II）离子选择电极在电位滴定法和流动注射电位法中以及在直接测定铅冶炼厂烟囱中的铅以及测定岩石中的铅（尤其是直接测定）中显示出广泛的潜在应用人头发，血液，食用油，食物，水和空气中痕量铅（II）的含量。

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