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首页> 外文期刊>Health Physics: Official Journal of the Health Physics Society >Early-response biological dosimetry--recommended countermeasure enhancements for mass-casualty radiological incidents and terrorism.
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Early-response biological dosimetry--recommended countermeasure enhancements for mass-casualty radiological incidents and terrorism.

机译：早期响应的生物剂量测定法-建议增强大规模杀伤性放射事件和恐怖主义的对策。

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The effective medical management of a suspected acute radiation overexposure incident necessitates recording dynamic medical data, measuring appropriate radiation bioassays, and estimating dose from dosimeters and radioactivity assessments in order to provide diagnostic information to the treating physician and a dose assessment for personnel radiation protection records. The accepted generic multiparameter and early-response approach includes measuring radioactivity and monitoring the exposed individual; observing and recording prodromal signs/symptoms and erythema; obtaining complete blood counts with white blood cell differential; sampling blood for the chromosome-aberration cytogenetic bioassay using the "gold standard" dicentric assay (translocation assay for long times after exposure) for dose assessment; bioassay sampling, if appropriate, to determine radioactivity contamination; and using other available dosimetry approaches. In the event of a radiological mass-casualty incident, current national resources need to be enhanced to provide suitable dose assessment and medical triage and diagnoses. This capability should be broadly based and include stockpiling reagents and devices; establishing deployable (i.e., hematology and biodosimetry) laboratories and reference (i.e., cytogenetic biodosimetry, radiation bioassay) laboratories; networking qualified reference radioactivity-counting bioassay laboratories, cytogenetic biodosimetry, and deployable hematology laboratories with the medical responder community and national radiation protection program; and researching efforts to identify novel radiation biomarkers and develop applied biological dosimetry assays monitored with clinical, deployable, and hand-held analytical systems. These research and applied science efforts should ultimately contribute towards approved, regulated biodosimetry devices or diagnostic tests integrated into a national radioprotection program.
机译：要对可能的急性辐射过度暴露事件进行有效的医学管理，就必须记录动态医学数据，测量适当的辐射生物测定，并根据剂量计和放射性评估估算剂量，以便向主治医生提供诊断信息和人员辐射防护记录的剂量评估。公认的通用多参数和早期响应方法包括测量放射性和监测受照者。观察并记录前驱体征/症状和红斑;获得具有白细胞差异的全血细胞计数;使用“金标准”双着丝粒分析法（暴露后很长一段时间易位分析法）对血液进行染色体畸变细胞遗传学生物测定，以进行剂量评估;进行生物测定取样，以确定放射性污染;并使用其他可用的剂量学方法。如果发生放射性大量伤亡事件，则需要增加当前的国家资源，以提供适当的剂量评估以及医学分类和诊断。这种能力应有广泛的基础，并应包括储存试剂和装置;建立可部署的（即血液学和生物剂量学）实验室和参考实验室（即细胞遗传学的生物剂量学，辐射生物测定）实验室;与医学响应者社区和国家辐射防护计划建立合格的参考放射性计数生物测定实验室，细胞遗传生物剂量测定学和可部署血液学实验室的网络;和研究工作，以识别新型的辐射生物标志物，并开发通过临床，可部署和手持式分析系统监控的应用生物剂量测定。这些研究和应用科学的努力最终应有助于将批准的，受监管的生物剂量测定仪或诊断测试纳入国家放射防护计划。

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