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首页> 外文期刊>Heredity: An International Journal of Genetics >Differences in fine-scale genetic structure and dispersal in Quercus ilex L. and Q. suber L.: consequences for regeneration of mediterranean open woods
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Differences in fine-scale genetic structure and dispersal in Quercus ilex L. and Q. suber L.: consequences for regeneration of mediterranean open woods

机译：栎和拟南芥细尺度遗传结构和扩散的差异：地中海阔叶林更新的后果

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摘要

Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) and holm oak (Q. ilex L.) are among the most important tree species (economically and ecologically) in the Western Mediterranean region, where they define unique open woods (created and maintained by man) known as 'dehesas' in Spain. However, these formations are under increasing threat due to the lack of regeneration. We have analysed spatial genetic structure in a mixed parkland; inferences about gene dispersal have also been performed, according to the isolation by distance model. Noticeable differences have been detected between the species, despite their similar ecological roles. Restricted effective dispersal leads to kin structures in cork oak, up to 70 m, while no genetic structure is observed in holm oak. Our results suggest a very effective dispersal for the latter, with a local historical gene flow estimated between 55 and 95 m. This is the first time regeneration of Mediterranean oak parklands has been assessed from a genetic perspective. Effective gene flow detected for holm oaks allows us to discount the risk of inbreeding over successive generations. Thus, regeneration of Q. ilex dehesas will just require action directed to help the settlement of the saplings (such as limiting grazing). However, in those cases where densities are too low, more intense forestation (such as plantation and/ or establishment of appropriate shelter) will be needed. The 'density threshold' for initiating regeneration will probably be higher for cork oak, due to its more limited dispersal and minor full- light tolerance.
机译：软木栎（Quercus suber L.）和木栎（Q. ilex L.）是地中海西部地区（经济和生态上）最重要的树种，它们定义了已知的独特开阔木材（由人创造和维护）在西班牙称为“ dehesas”。然而，由于缺乏再生，这些地层正面临越来越大的威胁。我们已经分析了混合草地的空间遗传结构。根据距离模型的隔离，还进行了有关基因分散的推论。尽管它们在生态上具有相似的作用，但在物种之间仍发现了明显的差异。限制有效的散布导致软木栎树的亲缘结构长达70 m，而在圣栎树中没有观察到遗传结构。我们的结果表明，后者的分散非常有效，局部历史基因流估计在55至95 m之间。这是第一次从遗传学角度评估了地中海橡树园的更新。检测到的栎树有效基因流使我们可以降低近代繁殖的近亲繁殖的风险。因此，冬青Q. dehesas的再生仅需要采取行动来帮助树苗的沉降（例如限制放牧）。但是，在密度太低的情况下，将需要更密集的造林（例如人工林和/或建立适当的庇护所）。对于软木橡树来说，开始再生的“密度阈值”可能会更高，这是由于其更有限的分散性和较小的全光耐受性。

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