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POTENTIAL CAUSES FOR AMPHIBIAN DECLINES IN PUERTO RICO

机译:波多黎各两栖动物下降的潜在原因

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We monitored 11 populations of eight species of Eleutherodactylus in Puerto Rico from 1989 through 2001. We determined relative abundance of active frogs along transects established in the Caribbean National Forest (El Yunque), Carite Forest, San Lorenzo, and in the vicinity of San Juan. Three species (Eleutherodactylus karlschmidti, E. jasperi, and E. eneidae) are presumed to be extinct and eight populations of six different species of endemic Eleutherodactylus are significantly declining at elevations above 400 m. Of the many suspected causes of amphibian declines around the world, we focused on climate change and disease. Temperature and precipitation data from 1970–2000 were analyzed to determine the general pattern of oscillations and deviations that could be correlated with amphibian declines. We examined a total of 106 tissues taken from museum specimens collected from 1961–1978 and from live frogs in 2000. We found chytrid fungi in two species collected at El Yunque as early as 1976, this is the first report of chytrid fungus in the Caribbean. Analysis of weather data indicates a significant warming trend and an association between years with extended periods of drought and the decline of amphibians in Puerto Rico. The 1970's and 1990's, which represent the periods of amphibian extirpations and declines, were significantly drier than average. We suggest a possible synergistic interaction between drought and the pathological effect of the chytrid fungus on amphibian populations.
机译:从1989年到2001年,我们监测了波多黎各八种Eleutherodactylus的11个种群。我们确定了在加勒比国家森林(El Yunque),Carite森林,圣洛伦佐和圣胡安附近建立的样带上活动青蛙的相对丰度。 。据推测,三种物种(大叶隐孢子虫(Eleutherodactylus karlschmidti),大肠埃希氏菌(E. jasperi)和天蛾埃希氏菌(E. eneidae))已灭绝,在海拔超过400 m的地方,六种不同的地方性大叶隐孢子虫的种群急剧减少。在全球许多可疑的两栖动物下降原因中,我们关注的是气候变化和疾病。分析了1970-2000年的温度和降水数据,以确定可能与两栖动物下降相关的振荡和偏差的一般模式。我们检查了从1961年至1978年收集的博物馆标本以及2000年的活蛙中获取的总共106个组织。早在1976年,我们在El Yunque收集了两种物种的乳糜真菌,这是加勒比地区乳糜真菌的首次报道。 。对天气数据的分析表明,波多黎各的变暖趋势明显,并且干旱持续时间与两栖动物数量减少之间存在关联。代表两栖动物灭绝和衰退的时期的1970年代和1990年代,比平均水平要干旱得多。我们建议干旱和两栖类种群中的chytrid真菌的病理效应之间可能存在协同作用。

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