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首页> 外文期刊>History of psychiatry >Christopher Payne, Asylum: Inside the Closed World of State Mental Hospitals (with an essay by Oliver Sachs), MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, 2009; 209 pp.: ISBN 9780262013499, dollar39.95 (hbk)
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Christopher Payne, Asylum: Inside the Closed World of State Mental Hospitals (with an essay by Oliver Sachs), MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, 2009; 209 pp.: ISBN 9780262013499, dollar39.95 (hbk)

机译：克里斯托弗·佩恩（Christopher Payne），《庇护：在国家精神病院的封闭世界里》（奥利弗·萨克斯的论文），麻省理工学院出版社：马萨诸塞州剑桥市，2009年。 209页：ISBN 9780262013499，美元39.95（hbk）

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摘要

The history of US state mental hospitals is frequently presented in less than flattering terms. To some scholars, an institution created with the best of intentions - to care for and treat people with serious mental disorders - quickly deteriorated and assumed a custodial function that dehumanized patients. To others, the mental hospital was established to affirm social order and to incarcerate unproductive persons. Often state mental hospitals were presented as monolithic institutions that deserved to be relegated to the dustbin of history. In reality the character of mental hospitals was far more complex. To be sure, during the first half of the twentieth century they assumed a custodial function for perhaps half of their patients. But this was because funding mechanisms led to a redefinition of dementia in psychiatric terms, thus leading to the commitment of a large number of aged patients who remained in the hospital until they died. In effect, the state mental hospital performed the functions of a nursing home at a time when there was no provision for elderly persons suffering from dementia. Often overlooked was the fact that substantial numbers of people were admitted and discharged as improved or recovered after a relatively brief stay.
机译：美国州立精神病院的历史经常以不讨人喜欢的方式呈现。在某些学者看来，一个以最好的意图创建的机构-照顾和治疗患有严重精神疾病的人-迅速恶化，并承担了使患者失去人性的监护职能。对其他人而言，建立精神病院是为了确认社会秩序和监禁无生产能力的人。通常，州立精神病医院是作为整体机构提出的，应该被降级为历史垃圾箱。实际上，精神病院的性质要复杂得多。可以肯定的是，在20世纪上半叶，他们可能对一半的患者承担了监护职能。但这是因为资金机制导致了精神病性痴呆症的重新定义，从而导致了许多留在医院直到死亡的老年患者的承诺。实际上，在没有为患有痴呆症的老年人提供治疗的时候，国家精神病院履行了疗养院的职能。经常被忽视的事实是，经过相对短暂的停留后，有相当多的人被接纳并出院，病情好转或康复。

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