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AIRCRAFT SIMULATION GETS COMPOSITES AWARE

机译：飞机模拟综合组件

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Software-based simulation and modeling tools for aircraft can be divided, roughly, into three interrelated functional categories: design and model building, analysis or problem solving, and manufacturing. Although each is critical to modern aircraft construction, analysis - specifically, finite element analysis (FEA) - has played, arguably, the most significant role in making possible the ever-increasing use of composites in aircraft design. Composites manufacturers are familiar with FEA as a software program, but FEA is first and foremost a mathematical method. It has its roots in the 1940s, when civil and aeronautical engineers first sought better means to solve complex elasticity and structural analysis problems. They devised ways of "meshing" or partitioning a continuous domain (e.g., a wing surface) into a set of discrete subdomains called elements. Then a numerical technique for finding approximate solutions to partial differential equations that represented each element was developed to simulate bending, twisting, buckling and other damage that a physical structure might incur in service. This enabled the user to analyze the distribution of loads and stresses, improve the structure's design and minimize weight before a prototype was built (see "Learn More," p. 48). Testing a part, element by element, with this methodology was time consuming, but it vastly reduced the cost associated with "making and breaking" a long series of physical prototypes.
机译：飞机的基于软件的仿真和建模工具可以大致分为三个相互关联的功能类别：设计和模型构建，分析或问题解决以及制造。尽管每种方法对于现代飞机的制造都至关重要，但可以说分析（尤其是有限元分析（FEA））在使复合材料在飞机设计中不断使用的过程中发挥了最重要的作用。复合材料制造商熟悉FEA作为软件程序，但是FEA首先是一种数学方法。它起源于1940年代，当时土木和航空工程师首次寻求更好的方法来解决复杂的弹性和结构分析问题。他们设计了将连续域（例如机翼表面）“划分”或划分为一组称为元素的离散子域的方法。然后，开发了一种用于寻找代表每个元素的偏微分方程的近似解的数值技术，以模拟弯曲，扭曲，屈曲和其他物理结构在使用中可能造成的损坏。这使用户能够在构建原型之前分析载荷和应力的分布，改善结构的设计并最小化重量（请参见第48页的“了解更多信息”）。用这种方法逐个要素地测试零件是很费时的，但是它大大降低了与“制造和破坏”一系列物理原型有关的成本。

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