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Test methods: why standardization

机译：测试方法：为什么要标准化

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Every column I write for HPC eventually refers to "standard" test methods. But why are standards written? What groups promote these standards, and who actually writes them? Most importantly, why do the rest of us need to follow their standards, and what if we don't? To answer the first question, we must step back into history. During the early development of composites, which extended well into the 1960s, there existed few composites testing standards (or composites standards of any type, for that matter). Those that were written were often ignored, in part because many were inappropriate extensions of concepts developed previously for homogeneous materials, such as metals. While some of the standard methods were very good, active experimenters quickly realized that many others did not perform well and were forced to develop their own methods. Again, some were very good, and others were not so good. Both the good and the bad found their way into the published literature, leading to much confusion. Over time, many different composites test procedures were created by and primarily for particular governmental, academic and industrial institutions. As long as the cycle of research, production, sales and use of composites was confined primarily to those who shared a commitment to one organization's standards, all went well.
机译：我为HPC编写的每一列最终都涉及“标准”测试方法。但是为什么要写标准？哪些团体推广这些标准，谁真正制定了这些标准？最重要的是，为什么我们其余的人需要遵循他们的标准，否则我们该怎么办？要回答第一个问题，我们必须退回到历史。复合材料的早期发展一直延续到1960年代，当时几乎没有复合材料测试标准（或任何类型的复合材料标准）。所写的内容经常被忽略，部分原因是许多内容是对先前为金属等均质材料开发的概念的不适当扩展。尽管某些标准方法非常好，但活跃的实验人员很快意识到许多其他方法的性能不佳，因此不得不开发自己的方法。再一次，有些非常好，而另一些则不太好。好的和坏的都进入了已出版的文献中，导致了很多混乱。随着时间的流逝，主要由特定的政府，学术和工业机构创建了许多不同的复合材料测试程序。只要复合材料的研究，生产，销售和使用周期主要局限于那些对一个组织的标准有共同承诺的人，那么一切都进展顺利。

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