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首页> 外文期刊>Hormones and behavior >Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) modulates auditory processing in the fish brain.
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) modulates auditory processing in the fish brain.

机译：促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）调节鱼脑中的听觉加工。

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摘要

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH1) neurons control reproductive activity, but GnRH2 and GnRH3 neurons have widespread projections and function as neuromodulators in the vertebrate brain. While these extra-hypothalamic GnRH forms function as olfactory and visual neuromodulators, their potential effect on processing of auditory information is unknown. To test the hypothesis that GnRH modulates the processing of auditory information in the brain, we used immunohistochemistry to determine seasonal variations in these neuropeptide systems, and in vivo single-neuron recordings to identify neuromodulation in the midbrain torus semicircularis of the soniferous damselfish Abudefduf abdominalis. Our results show abundant GnRH-immunoreactive (-ir) axons in auditory processing regions of the midbrain and hindbrain. The number of extra-hypothalamic GnRH somata and the density of GnRH-ir axons within the auditory torus semicircularis also varied across the year, suggesting seasonal changes in GnRH influence of auditory processing. Exogenous application of GnRH (sGnRH and cGnRHII) caused a primarily inhibitory effect on auditory-evoked single neuron responses in the torus semicircularis. In the majority of neurons, GnRH caused a long-lasting decrease in spike rate in response to both tone bursts and playbacks of complex natural sounds. GnRH also decreased response latency and increased auditory thresholds in a frequency and stimulus type-dependent manner. To our knowledge, these results show for the first time in any vertebrate that GnRH can influence context-specific auditory processing in vivo in the brain, and may function to modulate seasonal auditory-mediated social behaviors.
机译：促性腺激素释放激素1（GnRH1）神经元控制生殖活动，但GnRH2和GnRH3神经元具有广泛的预测作用，并在脊椎动物脑中充当神经调节剂。虽然这些下丘脑GnRH形式起嗅觉和视觉神经调节剂的作用，但它们对听觉信息处理的潜在影响尚不清楚。为了检验GnRH调节大脑中听觉信息处理的假设，我们使用免疫组化方法确定了这些神经肽系统的季节性变化，并使用体内单神经元记录来识别发声的雀鲷Abudefduf腹部的中脑半圆环的神经调节。我们的研究结果表明，在中脑和后脑的听觉加工区中存在大量的GnRH免疫反应性（-ir）轴突。下耳半圆环内下丘脑GnRH躯体的数量和GnRH-ir轴突的密度在一年中也有所不同，表明GnRH对听觉加工的影响随季节变化。外源应用GnRH（sGnRH和cGnRHII）对半圆环听觉诱发的单个神经元反应产生主要抑制作用。在大多数神经元中，GnRH会导致音调爆发和复杂自然声音的播放而导致尖峰率的长期下降。 GnRH还以频率和刺激类型相关的方式减少了反应潜伏期并增加了听觉阈值。据我们所知，这些结果首次在任何脊椎动物中表明，GnRH可以影响脑内体内特定情境的听觉处理，并且可能起到调节季节性听觉介导的社交行为的作用。

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