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Promises and pitfalls of live attenuated pneumococcal vaccines

机译：减毒活肺炎球菌疫苗的前景和陷阱

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The pneumococcus is a remarkably adaptable pathogen whose disease manifestations range from mucosal surface infections such as acute otitis media and pneumonia to invasive infections such as sepsis and meningitis. Currently approved vaccines target the polysaccha-ride capsule, of which there are over 90 distinct serotypes, leading to rapid sero-type replacement in vaccinated populations. Substantial progress has been made in the development of a universal pneumococcal vaccine, with efforts focused on broadly conserved and protective protein antigens. An area attracting considerable attention is the potential application of live attenuated vaccines to confer serotype-independent protection against mucosal and systemic infection. On the basis of recent work to understand the mucosal and systemic responses to nasal administration of pneumococci and to develop novel attenuation strategies, the prospect of a practical and protective live vaccine remains promising.
机译：肺炎球菌是一种适应性很强的病原体，其疾病表现范围从粘膜表面感染（如急性中耳炎和肺炎）到侵入性感染（如败血症和脑膜炎）。当前批准的疫苗针对多糖囊胶囊，其中有90多种不同的血清型，可在接种人群中快速替代血清型。在开发通用的肺炎球菌疫苗方面已经取得了实质性进展，重点是广泛保存和保护的蛋白抗原。减毒活疫苗的潜在应用引起了极大的关注，该疫苗可赋予血清型独立的保护以抵抗粘膜和全身感染。在最近了解鼻内注射肺炎球菌的粘膜和全身反应并开发新的减毒策略的基础上，实用和保护性活疫苗的前景仍然充满希望。

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