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Seawater leaching of caliche mineral in column experiments

机译：柱实验中钙盐矿物的海水浸出

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摘要

Caliche is a mineral that contains a high fraction of soluble minerals and that is exploited in Northern Chile through vat or heap leaching for the production of iodine and nitrate. In this zone, the water availability is scarce, being a critical issue for the mining industries and whereby the use of other leaching agents as seawater may be a viable alternative. For this reason in the present study, column-leaching experiments using seawater were performed, including different irrigation rates and column heights. It is found that the highly soluble minerals such as nitrate and iodate are rapidly leached, while for other minerals like sulphate and chloride, the outlet concentration increased once that part of the sodium has been removed. Crystals of sodium sulphate were found at the column bottom, when this was dismantled. An existing phenomenological model (Galvez et al., 2012) was used to analyse the changes of concentration of nitrate and iodine (as iodate) with a good agreement between the experiments and the simulations. On the other hand, for sulphate and chloride a new model was developed, which takes into account the dissolution and precipitation phenomena of these ions. The model was able to capture the trends observed in the experiments for the outlet concentrations of the modelled ions.
机译：Caliche是一种矿物，其中含有高含量的可溶性矿物，并且在智利北部通过大桶或堆浸进行开采，以生产碘和硝酸盐。在该地区，水的稀缺性是采矿业的关键问题，因此使用其他浸出剂作为海水可能是一种可行的选择。因此，在本研究中，进行了使用海水进行柱浸实验，包括不同的灌溉速率和柱高。发现高溶解性矿物质（例如硝酸盐和碘酸盐）会快速浸出，而对于其他矿物质（例如硫酸盐和氯化物），一旦除去一部分钠，出口浓度就会增加。拆除时，在塔底发现了硫酸钠晶体。现有的现象学模型（Galvez等，2012）被用于分析硝酸盐和碘（作为碘酸盐）浓度的变化，并且在实验和模拟之间具有良好的一致性。另一方面，针对硫酸盐和氯化物，开发了一个新模型，该模型考虑了这些离子的溶解和沉淀现象。该模型能够捕获在模拟离子出口浓度实验中观察到的趋势。

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