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Toxicology research for precautionary decision-making and the role of Human & Experimental Toxicology

机译：预防决策的毒理学研究以及人类和实验毒理学的作用

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A key aim of toxicology is the prevention of adverse effects due to toxic hazards. Therefore, the dissemination of toxicology research findings must confront two important challenges: one being the lack of information on the vast majority of potentially toxic industrial chemicals and the other being the strict criteria for scientific proof usually required for decision-making in regard to prevention. The present study ascertains the coverage of environmental chemicals in four volumes of Human & Experimental Toxicology and the presentation and interpretation of research findings in published articles. Links in SciFinder showed that the 530 articles published in four selected volumes between 1984 and 2014 primarily dealt with metals (126 links) and other toxicants that have received substantial attention in the past. Thirteen compounds identified by US authorities in 2006 as high-priority substances, for which toxicology documentation is badly needed, were not covered in the journal issues at all. When reviewing published articles, reliance on p values was standard, and non-significant findings were often called negative.' This tradition may contribute to the perceived need to extend existing research on toxic hazards that have already been well characterized. Several sources of bias towards the null hypothesis can affect toxicology research, but are generally not considered, thus adding to the current inclination to avoid false positive findings. In this regard, toxicology is particularly prone to bias because of the known paucity of false positives and, in particular, the existence of a vast number of toxic hazards which by default are considered innocuous due to lack of documentation. The Precautionary Principle could inspire decision-making on the basis of incomplete documentation and should stimulate a change in toxicology traditions and in toxicology research publication.
机译：毒理学的主要目标是预防由于毒害引起的不良影响。因此，传播毒理学研究结果必须面临两个重要挑战：一个是缺乏有关绝大多数潜在有毒工业化学品的信息，另一个是通常在预防方面做出决策所需的科学证据的严格标准。本研究确定了人类与实验毒理学四卷中的环境化学物质的覆盖范围，并在发表的文章中介绍和解释了研究结果。 SciFinder中的链接显示，在1984年至2014年之间的四卷精选中共发表了530篇文章，主要涉及金属（126个链接）和其他在过去受到广泛关注的有毒物质。美国当局在2006年将13种化合物确定为高优先物质，急需对其进行毒理学记录，而这些期刊根本没有涉及。在审阅已发表的文章时，对p值的依赖是标准的，不重要的发现通常被称为负面。这种传统可能会导致人们认为有必要扩大对已经被充分表征的毒性危害的现有研究。对原假设的偏见的几种来源可能会影响毒理学研究，但通常不会考虑这些因素，因此增加了当前的倾向，以避免出现假阳性结果。在这方面，由于已知的假阳性很少，尤其是存在大量的毒性危险，毒理学特别容易产生偏见，由于缺乏文献资料，默认情况下认为它们是无害的。预防原则可能会基于不完整的文档激发决策，并应激发毒理学传统和毒理学研究出版物的变化。

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