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A comparative review of recovery processes in rivers, lakes, estuarine and coastal waters

机译：河流，湖泊，河口和沿海水域恢复过程的比较回顾

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摘要

The European Water Framework Directive aims to improve ecological status within river basins. This requires knowledge of responses of aquatic assemblages to recovery processes that occur after measures have been taken to reduce major stressors. A systematic literature review comparatively assesses recovery measures across the four major water categories. The main drivers of degradation stem primarily from human population growth and increases in land use and water use changes. These drivers and pressures are the same in all four water categories: rivers, lakes, transitional and coastal waters. Few studies provide evidence of how ecological knowledge might enhance restoration success. Other major bottlenecks are the lack of data, effects mostly occur only in short-term and at local scale, the organism group(s) selected to assess recovery does not always provide the most appropriate response, the time lags of recovery are highly variable, and most restoration projects incorporate restoration of abiotic conditions and do not include abiotic extremes and biological processes. Restoration ecology is just emerging as a field in aquatic ecology and is a site, time and organism group-specific activity. It is therefore difficult to generalise. Despite the many studies only few provide evidence of how ecological knowledge might enhance restoration success.
机译：《欧洲水框架指令》旨在改善流域内的生态状况。这需要了解水生组合对恢复过程的响应，而恢复过程是在采取措施减少主要压力源之后发生的。系统的文献综述比较评估了四种主要水类别的恢复措施。退化的主要驱动力主要来自人口增长以及土地利用和水利用变化的增加。这些驱动力和压力在所有四个水类别中都是相同的：河流，湖泊，过渡水和沿海水。很少有研究提供有关生态知识如何促进恢复成功的证据。其他主要瓶颈是缺乏数据，影响大多只发生在短期和局部范围内，选择用来评估恢复的生物体并不一定总是提供最适当的响应，恢复的时滞变化很大，大多数恢复项目都包含非生物条件的恢复，而不包括非生物极端事件和生物过程。恢复生态学正作为水生生态学领域的一个新兴领域，并且是特定地点，时间和生物群的活动。因此很难一概而论。尽管进行了许多研究，但很少有人提供有关生态知识如何增强恢复成功的证据。

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