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Numerical simulation of groundwater flow in regional rock aquifers, southwestern Quebec, Canada

机译：加拿大魁北克西南部区域岩石含水层中地下水流动的数值模拟

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The St. Lawrence Lowlands platform, Quebec, Canada, is a densely-populated area, heavily dependent on groundwater resources. In 1999, the Geological Survey of Canada initiated a large-scale hydrogeological assessment study over a 1,500 km(2) region northwest of Montreal. The objectives were to define the regional groundwater flow, and to give quantitative estimates of the groundwater dynamic parameters and of the available groundwater resources. The applied approach consisted of defining the hydrogeologic framework, hydraulic properties of the aquifer units, and groundwater dynamic components. Lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks represent regional aquifer units. Coarse Quaternary fluvio-glacial sediments locally overlay the rock sequence and constitute an interface aquifer unit. Fine marine sediments confine most of the regional aquifers. Collected GIS based information was synthesized in a finite element numerical model. The regional saturated steady-state flow was calibrated under current stress conditions assuming an equivalent porous medium approach. Water budget calculations show that the total groundwater flow in regional aquifers amounts to 97.7 Mm(3)/y. Infiltration from precipitation provides 86.6% of the groundwater supply, while 9.6% comes from subsurface inflow and the remaining 3.8% is induced recharge from surface waters. Discharge from regional aquifers occurs through flow to streams (76.9%), groundwater withdrawal (18.4%), and underground outflow (4.7%).
机译：加拿大魁北克的圣劳伦斯低地平台是人口稠密的地区，严重依赖地下水资源。 1999年，加拿大地质调查局在蒙特利尔西北方1,500 km（2）的区域内发起了大规模的水文地质评估研究。目的是确定区域地下水流量，并对地下水动力学参数和可用地下水资源进行定量估算。应用的方法包括定义水文地质框架，含水层单元的水力特性和地下水动力分量。下古生界沉积岩代表区域含水层单元。粗糙的第四纪河流冰川沉积物局部覆盖了岩石序列，并构成了界面含水层单元。精细的海洋沉积物限制了大部分区域含水层。在有限元数值模型中综合了基于GIS的收集信息。假设等效的多孔介质方法，在当前应力条件下校准区域饱和稳态流。水预算计算表明，区域含水层中的总地下水流量为97.7 Mm（3）/ y。降水的渗入提供了地下水的86.6％，而9.6％的水来自地下流入，其余的3.8％是地表水的补给。区域含水层的排放通过流向河流（76.9％），地下水抽取（18.4％）和地下流出（4.7％）进行。

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