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首页> 外文期刊>Zeitschrift fur Bewasserungswirtschaft >Temporal water productivity of tomato irrigated from a small reservoir and hand-dug-wells in dry season cropping in the Upper East Region, Ghana.
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Temporal water productivity of tomato irrigated from a small reservoir and hand-dug-wells in dry season cropping in the Upper East Region, Ghana.

机译：加纳上东部地区旱季作物种植时从小型水库和手挖井中灌溉的番茄的瞬时水分生产率。

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摘要

In the Upper East Region of Ghana high population growth coupled with the impacts of climate and land-use change have led to an increasing demand for water resources. As the yields of rain-fed agriculture are decreasing and become increasingly unreliable a large number of farmers have started to engage in the production of dry-season vegetables. Thereby they are increasing the scarcity of already limited water resources of this semi-arid part of Ghana. The problems of water scarcity can be partly tackled by improving water productivity (WP) in agriculture, the largest consumer of water in the region. In order to better understand water productivity, this study assesses water productivity (WP) in three different forms of irrigated dry-season tomato production. Tomatoes are produced in medium and small-scale irrigation systems where water is provided by gravity as well as in small vegetable gardens where farmers fetch water from hand-dug wells. Irrigation water supply to sample study plots was measured using V-notch weirs at the irrigation systems and a mechanical water-flow-meter at the vegetable gardens. Potential and actual crop water use were determined as soil water balance components in SWAP model for reservoir-irrigated plots and numerically estimated for hand-dug-well irrigated plots. Crop WP was estimated as a ratio of crop yield to: irrigation supply, potential and actual crop water use. Gross margins and returns per unit land and water were also estimated based on costs of the farming inputs. WP at the medium-scale irrigation system was relatively lower man that at small-scale system. This highlights the potential of improving water productivity in medium-scale parameters. The gross margins showed that, hand-dug-wells were more water-productive than the medium and small reservoirs.
机译：在加纳的上东区，人口的快速增长，加上气候和土地利用变化的影响，导致对水资源的需求增加。随着雨育农业产量的下降和变得越来越不可靠，许多农民开始从事旱季蔬菜的生产。因此，它们使加纳半干旱地区本来就已经有限的水资源短缺。缺水问题可以通过提高该地区最大用水量的农业的水生产率来部分解决。为了更好地了解水生产率，本研究评估了三种不同形式的灌溉旱季番茄生产中的水生产率（WP）。西红柿是在中小型灌溉系统中产生的，那里的重力作用是提供水，而在小型菜园中，农民则从手工挖的井中取水。使用灌溉系统的V型槽堰和菜园的机械水表测量了样地的灌溉水量。在SWAP模型中，将潜在和实际作物用水量确定为SWAP模型中水库灌溉区的水平衡要素，并用数值估算手挖井灌溉区的土壤水平衡成分。作物可湿性粉剂估计为作物产量与灌溉供应，潜在和实际作物用水的比率。还根据农业投入成本估算了每单位土地和水的毛利和收益。中型灌溉系统的可湿性粉剂相对于小规模系统而言较低。这凸显了在中等规模参数中提高水生产率的潜力。毛利率表明，手挖井比中小型水库的水生产率更高。

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