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Developmental Changes in Conditioned Taste Aversion in Lymnaea stagnalis

机译：幼枝有条件的厌恶的发展变化。

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摘要

A the first step to study relationships between development and learning in the molluscan central nervous system, we examined developmental changes in acquisition and retention of a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. We found that snails developed ability of a CTA as a long-term memory through three critical stages. Embryos in veliconcha started to respond to appetitive sucrose at the first critical stage. This response was in good agreement with morphological observations that embryos at this developmental stage seemed to be physically ready to et. However, they could not associate this appetitive stimulus (conditioned stimulus: CS) with an aversive stimulus of KCl (unconditioned stimulus : UCS). At the second critical stage, embryos just before hatching acquired the CTA, but the conditioned response did not persist. Through this stage, they may acquire learning ability to safely seek out food in an external environment. At the third critical stage, immature snails with a 10 mm shell could use a long-term memory to maintain the conditioned response. This memory persisted for at least a month, showing that now they are able to maintain a long-term memory so that they can safely eat a variety of food when they cover wide territory to search for a mate. The present findings indicate that the development of learning ability in snails, which secures acquisition of better survival ability, is coincident with the major changes in their life cycle.
机译：在软体动物中枢神经系统中研究发育与学习之间的关系的第一步，我们研究了池蜗牛（Lymnaea stagnalis）中条件性味觉厌恶（CTA）的获取和保留情况的发育变化。我们发现蜗牛通过三个关键阶段发展了CTA作为长期记忆的能力。在第一个关键阶段，veliconcha中的胚胎开始对食糖做出反应。这种反应与形态学观察非常吻合，即在这个发育阶段的胚胎似乎已经准备好了。但是，他们无法将此刺激性刺激（条件刺激：CS）与KCl厌恶刺激（非条件刺激：UCS）相关联。在第二个关键阶段，孵化前的胚胎获得了CTA，但条件反应并未持续。通过这一阶段，他们可以获得学习能力，以便在外部环境中安全地寻找食物。在第三个关键阶段，壳长为10毫米的未成熟蜗牛可以使用长期记忆来维持条件反应。这种记忆至少持续了一个月，这表明他们现在可以保持长期记忆，这样当他们在广阔的领土上寻找伴侣时，他们可以安全地吃各种食物。目前的发现表明，蜗牛学习能力的发展与获得生存能力的重大变化相吻合，从而确保获得更好的生存能力。

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