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首页> 外文期刊>Zoological Science >Color Pattern Analysis of Nymphalid Butterfly Wings: Revision of the Nymphalid Groundplan
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Color Pattern Analysis of Nymphalid Butterfly Wings: Revision of the Nymphalid Groundplan

机译：Nymphalid蝴蝶翅膀的颜色模式分析：Nymphalid平面图的修订

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摘要

To better understand the developmental mechanisms of color pattern variation in butterfly wings, it is important to construct an accurate representation of pattern elements, known as the "nymphalid groundplan". However, some aspects of the current groundplan remain elusive. Here, I examined wing-wide elemental patterns of various nymphalid butterflies and confirmed that wing-wide color patterns are composed of the border, central, and basal symmetry systems. The central and basal symmetry systems can express circular patterns resembling eyespots, indicating that these systems have developmental mechanisms similar to those of the border symmetry system. The wing root band commonly occurs as a distinct symmetry system independent from the basal symmetry system. In addition, the marginal and submarginal bands are likely generated as a single system, referred to as the "marginal band system". Background spaces between two symmetry systems are sometimes light in coloration and can produce white bands, contributing significantly to color pattern diversity. When an element is enlarged with a pale central area, a visually similar (yet developmentally distinct) white band is produced. Based on the symmetric relationships of elements, I propose that both the central and border symmetry systems are comprised of "core elements" (the discal spot and the border ocelli, respectively) and a pair of "paracore elements" (the distal and proximal bands and the parafocal elements, respectively). Both core and paracore elements can be doubled, or outlined. Developmentally, this system configuration is consistent with the induction model, but not with the concentration gradient model for positional information.
机译：为了更好地理解蝴蝶翅膀上颜色图案变化的发展机制，重要的是构造一个精确的图案元素表示法，即“ nymphalid平面图”。但是，当前的总体规划的某些方面仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我检查了各种蝶的全翼元素图案，并确认了全翼颜色图案由边界，中央和基础对称系统组成。中央和基础对称系统可以表达类似于眼点的圆形图案，表明这些系统具有类似于边界对称系统的发育机制。翼根带通常作为独立于基础对称系统的独特对称系统出现。另外，边缘带和边缘下带很可能作为单个系统生成，称为“边缘带系统”。两个对称系统之间的背景空间有时呈浅色，并且会产生白带，从而极大地促进了颜色图案的多样性。当一个元素被放大并带有淡淡的中心区域时，会产生一个视觉上相似（但在发育上却截然不同）的白色带。基于元素的对称关系，我建议中心对称系统和边界对称系统均由“核心元素”（分别是椎间盘斑和边界骨）和一对“副核心元素”（远端和近端带）组成和副焦点元素）。核心和副核心元素都可以加倍或概述。从发展上看，该系统配置与归纳模型一致，但与位置信息的浓度梯度模型不一致。

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