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首页> 外文期刊>Zoological Science >Termite Soldier Differentiation in Incipient Colonies Is Related to Parental Proctodeal Trophallactic Behavior
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Termite Soldier Differentiation in Incipient Colonies Is Related to Parental Proctodeal Trophallactic Behavior

机译：初期殖民地的白蚁士兵分化与父母的直肠直肠行为有关

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Termite soldiers represent a peculiar caste among social insects in terms of their specific defensive roles. Numbers of soldiers are relatively low in a mature colony, and it is impossible to identify the individuals that will differentiate into soldiers. If it were possible to specify these individuals prior to soldier differentiation, it would facilitate a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of soldier differentiation under natural condition. Here we analyzed soldier differentiation in incipient colonies of Zootermopsis nevadensis, in which only a single soldier develops via a presoldier stage, and is stable during early colony ontogeny. We observed that the oldest third instar differentiated into a presoldier within about eight days from its appearance. Caste differentiation, however, was not strictly determined on an individual basis. The oldest third instars never differentiated into presoldiers if primary reproductives were removed soon after their appearance. Behavioral observations of primary reproductives and their offspring prior to presoldier differentiation, showed that primary reproductives transferred proctodeal materials to the oldest third instar significantly more frequently than to other larva. A high juvenile hormone (JH) titer is required for the soldier differentiation, and we suggest that the JH itself or some nutrients/factors increasing larval JH titer may be transferred to the oldest third instar via a parental proctodeal fluid.
机译：就其特殊的防御作用而言，白蚁战士在社会昆虫中代表着特殊的种姓。在一个成熟的殖民地中，士兵的数量相对较少，因此无法确定将分化为士兵的个人。如果有可能在士兵分化之前指定这些人，这将有助于更好地了解自然条件下士兵分化的调节机制。在这里，我们分析了新近发展的Zootermopsis nevadensis殖民地中的士兵分化，在该殖民地中，只有一个士兵通过前期士兵发育，并且在早期殖民地个体发育中保持稳定。我们观察到，最老的第三龄幼虫在出现后约八天之内便分化为一名前士兵。但是，种姓分化并不是严格根据个人来决定的。如果最早的三龄幼虫在出现后不久就被去除，则它们永远不会分化成前sol。在士兵分化前对主要生殖器及其后代的行为观察表明，主要生殖器比其他幼虫更频繁地将直肠细菌转移到最老的三龄幼虫上。士兵的分化需要很高的少年激素（JH）效价，我们建议JH本身或某些增加幼体JH效价的营养素/因子可能会通过父母的直肠排泄液转移到最老的第三龄。

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