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首页> 外文期刊>Zoological Science >Somatosensation, Echolocation, and Underwater Sniffing: Adaptations Allow Mammals Without Traditional Olfactory Capabilities to Forage for Food Underwater
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Somatosensation, Echolocation, and Underwater Sniffing: Adaptations Allow Mammals Without Traditional Olfactory Capabilities to Forage for Food Underwater

机译：体感，回声和水下嗅探：适应使没有传统嗅觉能力的哺乳动物可以在水下觅食。

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摘要

Animals rely mainly on olfaction to locate and track food sources. However, mammals that have evolved to live partially or fully underwater are unable to use traditional olfaction in the foraging process. These animals have subsequently developed alternative underwater foraging techniques. Cetaceans (e.g. dolphins) live exclusively underwater, and most utilize a highly developed sonar system for navigation and tracking of prey. Pinnipeds (e.g. seals) live on land, but forage underwater. These animals' highly sensitive whiskers allow them to locate food sources. Sirenians (e.g. manatees), the only herbivorous aquatic mammals, also use highly developed whiskers during the grazing process. The semiaquatic mammals Condylura cristata (star-nosed mole) and Sortex palustris(water shrew) have developed the ability to sniff and detect semiochemicals underwater, a discovery that contradicts prior views on the evolutionary relationship between olfaction and aquatic adaptation. The current review details the anatomy of the olfactory systems of these mammals that live and/or forage underwater, and the adaptations they use to follow prey and forage underwater.
机译：动物主要依靠嗅觉来定位和追踪食物来源。但是，已经进化为部分或完全在水下生活的哺乳动物无法在觅食过程中使用传统嗅觉。这些动物随后开发了替代的水下觅食技术。鲸类（例如海豚）仅生活在水下，并且大多数利用高度发达的声纳系统来导航和追踪猎物。 nip（例如海豹）生活在陆地上，但在水下觅食。这些动物的高度敏感的晶须使他们能够找到食物来源。唯一的草食性水生哺乳动物Sirenians（例如海牛）在放牧过程中也使用高度发达的胡须。半水生哺乳动物Condylura cristata（星鼻mole）和Sortex palustris（水sh）已开发出嗅探和检测水下化学信息素的能力，这一发现与嗅觉和水生适应之间进化关系的先前观点相矛盾。本篇综述详细介绍了这些在水下生活和/或觅食的哺乳动物的嗅觉系统的解剖结构，以及它们用于追踪水下猎物和觅食的适应方法。

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