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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Two Lancelets Along the Coast of China

机译：中国沿海两小柳树的遗传多样性和种群结构

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摘要

The western Pacific lancelet, once recognized as a monospecies, Branchiostoma belcheri, is a frequently used model in evolutionary and developmental studies, and researchers usually collect samples from the field without consideration of species identification and genetic divergence. However, recent studies found divergence of the lancelets from different localities and divided this monospecies into two separate species (B. belcheri and B. japonicum). To further estimate the genetic diversity of lancelet populations and the cause of their formation, we sampled 70 individuals from four major distribution areas along the coast of China, using both mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers in this investigation. Our results demonstrate that the two species possess extremely high genetic diversity at both mtDNA sequence level (h approaches 1.0) and microsatellite loci (He is above 0.8). Further demographic analysis reveals that the lancelets B. japonicum and B. belcheri underwent a recent historical population expansion at approximately 117,000 and 73,000 years ago respectively. Analyses on the population genetic structure revealed weak differentiation among different local populations. No evident differentiation was found among different local populations of the same species using mtDNA sequence data, but certain divergences among them were identified based on the microsatellite data. We suggest that discontinuous habitats may be responsible for the phylogeographic structure of the lancelets along China coasts.
机译：曾经被认为是单一物种的西太平洋柳叶刀（Brancheriostoma belcheri）是进化和发育研究中经常使用的模型，研究人员通常在不考虑物种识别和遗传差异的情况下从田间收集样品。然而，最近的研究发现，柳叶刀来自不同地区，并且将该单种分为两个单独的物种（B. belcheri和B. japonicum）。为了进一步估计柳叶刀种群的遗传多样性及其形成原因，我们在本次调查中使用线粒体DNA和微卫星标记对来自中国沿海四个主要分布地区的70个人进行了采样。我们的结果表明，这两个物种在mtDNA序列水平（h接近1.0）和微卫星基因座（He高于0.8）上均具有极高的遗传多样性。进一步的人口统计分析表明，长矛状芽孢杆菌和轮枝芽孢杆菌分别在大约117,000和73,000年前经历了最近的历史种群扩张。对种群遗传结构的分析显示，不同地方种群之间的分化较弱。使用mtDNA序列数据，在同一物种的不同本地种群之间没有发现明显的差异，但是根据微卫星数据，发现了它们之间的某些差异。我们建议，不连续的生境可能是中国沿岸的柳叶刀的地理结构的原因。

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