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Reassessing the Relationship between Brain Size, Life History, and Metabolism at the Marsupial/Placental Dichotomy

机译：重新评估有袋/胎盘二分法的大脑大小，生活史和代谢之间的关系

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A vigorous discussion surrounds the question as to what enables some mammals-including primates and cetaceans-to evolve large brains. We recently published a study suggesting that the radiation of marsupial mammals is highly relevant to this question because of the unique reproductive and metabolic traits within this clade. In particular, we controversially suggested that marsupial brain sizes are not systematically smaller than those of placentals, and that elevated basal metabolic rates (BMR) are not linked to larger marsupial brains. As our dataset was found to contain some erroneous body size data, derived from a published source, we here use an updated and corrected dataset and employ standard as well as phylogenetically corrected analyses to re-assess and elaborate on our original conclusions. Our proposal that marsupials are not systematically smaller-brained than placentals remains supported, particularly when the unusually large-brained placental clade, Primates, is excluded. Use of the new dataset not only confirms that high metabolic rates are not associated with larger brain size in marsupials, but we additionally find some support for a striking negative correlation between BMR and brain size. The best supported correlates of large brain size remain the reproductive traits of weaning age and litter size. These results support our suggestion that mammalian brain sizes (including, by inference, those of monotremes) are predominantly constrained by the ability of females to fuel the growth of their offspring's large brains, rather than by the maintenance requirements of the adult brain.
机译：关于什么使某些哺乳动物（包括灵长类动物和鲸类）进化出大大脑的问题围绕着一个激烈的讨论。我们最近发表了一项研究，表明有袋哺乳动物的辐射与该问题高度相关，因为该进化枝具有独特的生殖和代谢特征。特别是，我们有争议地提出，有袋类动物的大脑尺寸没有系统地小于胎盘动物，并且基础代谢率（BMR）升高与较大的有袋类动物的大脑没有联系。由于发现我们的数据集包含一些错误的体重数据，这些数据是从已公开的来源中得出的，因此在此我们使用经过更新和更正的数据集，并使用标准以及系统发育校正的分析来重新评估和阐述我们的原始结论。我们关于有袋动物的系统性不比胎盘动物小的建议仍然得到支持，特别是当排除了异常大的胎盘进化枝灵长类动物时。使用新的数据集不仅证实有袋动物的高代谢率与更大的大脑大小无关，而且我们还发现一些支持BMR与大脑大小之间显着负相关的支持。大脑尺寸的最佳支持相关因素仍然是断奶年龄和窝产仔数的生殖特征。这些结果支持了我们的建议，即哺乳动物大脑的大小（包括推断的单峰大小）主要受雌性为后代大脑的生长提供动力的能力限制，而不是受成年脑的维护需求限制。

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