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首页> 外文期刊>Zoological Science >Colonization to Aquifers and Adaptations to Subterranean Interstitial Life by a Water Beetle Clade (Noteridae) with Description of a New Phreatodytes Species
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Colonization to Aquifers and Adaptations to Subterranean Interstitial Life by a Water Beetle Clade (Noteridae) with Description of a New Phreatodytes Species

机译：水甲虫进化枝（Noteridae）对含水层的定殖和对地下间质生活的适应，并描述了新的噬菌体物种

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摘要

Due to its tectonically uplifted, mountainous landscape and copious rainfall, the Japanese archipelago possesses plentiful, persistent groundwater in alluvial plains. However, Phreatodytes, an endemic water beetle genus found in groundwater, is now critically endangered due to the devastation of subterranean water ecosystems. Phreatodytes beetles were collected from driven wells near the Ooi River estuary in central Japan. The beetles were distinguished from all described species by their thoracic and genital morphologies, and described as a new species, Phreatodytes haibaraensis. The unique habitat of this species is the hyporheic zone of a gravelly riverbed in an estuary, and the habitat represents the eastern limit of the known distribution range of the genus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences revealed that Phreatodytes is a member of the Noteridae and forms a clade with Notomicrus. This suggests that the genus colonized the hyporheic zone from surface waters, and that it adapted to subterranean interstitial life by becoming minute and slender, by losing its eyes, pigmentation, as well as its ability to fly and swim, and by developing a permanent underwater life cycle, and erect hairlike setae on the thorax and elytra. In addition to the beetle, several stygobiontic species, including mollusks and fishes, were found in pumped groundwater. These results suggest that the gravelly riverbed of a rapid river estuary in Central Japan harbors biodiverse, locally differentiated hyporheic organisms comprising a unique subterranean interstitial ecosystem.
机译：由于其构造性地抬升的山区景观和丰富的降雨，日本群岛在冲积平原上拥有大量持久的地下水。然而，由于地下水生态系统的破坏，地下水中的一种特有的水甲虫属-藻类（Phreatodytes）现在受到严重威胁。从日本中部Ooi河河口附近的驱油井中收集了拟甲虫。甲虫的胸腔和生殖器形态与所有描述的物种都区分开，并被描述为新物种，Phaeatodytes haibaraensis。该物种的独特栖息地是河口砾石河床的流变带，该栖息地代表该属已知分布范围的东部界限。基于线粒体和核基因序列的分子系统发育分析表明，拟杆菌属是the科的一员，与线虫一起进化为枝条。这表明该属定居在地表水的水溶带下，它变得纤细纤细，失去了眼睛，色素沉着，飞翔和游泳的能力，并发展了永久的水下环境，从而适应了地下间隙生活。生命周期，在胸腔和鞘翅上竖立头发状刚毛。除甲虫外，在抽入的地下水中还发现了几种触毛动物，包括软体动物和鱼类。这些结果表明，日本中部快速河口的砾石河床具有生物多样性，局部分化的低生物，包括独特的地下间隙生态系统。

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