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首页> 外文期刊>Zoological Science >Phylogenetic Relationships of Bitterling Fishes (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Acheilognathinae), Inferred from Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Sequences
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Phylogenetic Relationships of Bitterling Fishes (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Acheilognathinae), Inferred from Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Sequences

机译：从线粒体细胞色素b序列推断出苦味鱼（Teleostei：鲤形目：Acheilognathinae）的亲缘关系。

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摘要

Bitterling (Teleostei: Acheilognathinae) are small cyprinid fishes with a discrete distribution in East Asia and Europe. We used a complete mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence (1141 bp) from 49 species or subspecies in three genera (Tanakia, Rhodeus, and Acheilognathus), sampled across the major part of their distribution, to elucidate their phylogeny and biogeography, focusing particularly on their origin and dispersal. Based on high support value, the monophyletic Acheilognathinae separated into two major clades, Acheilognathus and Tanakia-Rhodeus. In the latter clade, the monophyly of Rhodeus was poorly supported, though it was topologically nested in Tanakia. On the basis of molecular-clock calibration, both clades diverged in the middle Miocene, with Tanakia-Rhodeus diverging slightly earlier than Acheilognathus. The Tanakia-Rhodeus clade expanded its distribution westward from the Far East, eventually reaching Europe, while Acheilognathus dispersed in the temperate regions of East Asia. A feature common to both clades is that most extant species, including Japanese endemics, appeared by the end of the Pliocene, corresponding with the present delineation of the Japanese archipelago. Autumn-spawning species with an embryonic diapause, unique to bitterling among cyprinid fishes, formed two distinct lineages (barbatulus-rhombeus and longipinnis-typus) within Acheilognathus. The estimated time of divergence of the two lineages was approximately from the late Pliocene, a period characterized by glaciations. The timing of divergence suggests that the shift of spawning from spring to autumn, coupled with embryonic diapause, convergently emerged twice in the evolution of bitterling, possibly as an adaptation to the climate of the late Pliocene.
机译：苦涩（Teleostei：Acheilognathinae）是小型鲤科鱼类，在东亚和欧洲分布不均。我们使用了三个属（Tanakia，Rhodeus和Acheilognathus）的49个物种或亚种的完整线粒体细胞色素b序列（1141 bp），并从其分布的主要部分中取样，阐明了它们的系统发育和生物地理学，尤其着眼于其起源和分散。基于较高的支持价值，单生的che草纲科分为两个主要进化枝，即che草纲和塔纳基亚-罗氏。在后面的进化枝中，罗得岛的单面体虽然拓扑嵌套在Tanakia中，但支撑却很差。根据分子钟校准，两个枝条在中新世中部发散，Tanakia-Rhodeus的发散早于Acheilognathus。 Tanakia-Rhodeus分支从远东向西扩展，最终到达欧洲，而Acheilognathus则分散在东亚的温带地区。这两个进化枝的共同特征是，上新世末出现了包括日本特有种在内的大多数现存物种，这与日本群岛目前的划界相对应。秋季繁殖的物种具有滞育的特性，在塞浦路斯鱼类中特有苦味，在支气管蛇内形成了两个不同的世系（barbatulus-rhombeus和longipinnis-typus）。估计这两个世系的发散时间大约是从上新世晚期开始，这个时期以冰川期为特征。分歧的时机表明，产卵期从春季到秋季的转变，加上胚胎滞育，在苦味的演变中汇聚了两次，可能是对上新世晚期气候的适应。

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