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首页> 外文期刊>Zoological Science >Ontogeny and Sexual Differences in Swimming Proximity to Conspecifics in Response to Visual Cues in Medaka Fish
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Ontogeny and Sexual Differences in Swimming Proximity to Conspecifics in Response to Visual Cues in Medaka Fish

机译：Medaka鱼类对视觉提示的游泳接近特定物种的个体发育和性别差异

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摘要

Adult medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) exhibit complex social behaviors that depend mainly on visual cues from conspecifics. The ontogeny of visually-mediated social behaviors from larval/juvenile to adult medaka fish, however, is unknown. In the present study, we established a simple behavioral paradigm to evaluate the swimming proximity to conspecifics based on visual cues in an inter-individual interaction of two medaka fish throughout life. When two fish were placed separately in a cylindrical tank with a concentric transparent wall, the two fish maintained close proximity to each other. A normal fish inside the tank maintained proximity to an optic nerve-cut fish outside of the tank, while the converse was not true. This behavioral paradigm enabled us to quantify visually-induced motivation of a single fish inside the tank. The proximity was detected from larval/juvenile to adult fish. Larval fish, however, maintained close proximity not only to conspecifics, but also to heterospecifics. As the growth stage increased, the degree of proximity to heterospecifics decreased, suggesting that shoaling preferences toward conspecifics and/or visual ability to recognize conspecifics is refined and established according to the growth stage. Furthermore, the proximity of adult female fish was affected by their reproductive status and social familiarity. Only before spawning, adult females maintained closer proximity to familiar males rather than to unfamiliar males, suggesting that proximity was affected by familiarity in a female-specific manner. This simple behavioral paradigm will contribute to our understanding of the neural basis of the development of visually-mediated social behavior using medaka fish.
机译：成年aka鱼（Oryzias latipes）表现出复杂的社会行为，主要取决于物种的视觉线索。然而，从幼体/幼体到成年的视觉介导的社会行为的本体论是未知的。在本研究中，我们建立了一个简单的行为范式，以根据视觉线索在两条鱼的整个生命中的个体间相互作用中评估游泳到特定物种的接近程度。当将两条鱼分别放置在具有同心透明壁的圆柱形鱼缸中时，两条鱼保持彼此靠近。鱼缸内的一条正常鱼与鱼缸外的一条视神经切断的鱼保持接近，而事实并非如此。这种行为范式使我们能够量化鱼缸内单个鱼的视觉诱发动机。从幼体/幼鱼到成年鱼检测到接近。但是，幼体鱼不仅与同种，而且与异种保持紧密的联系。随着生长期的增加，与异源特异性的接近程度降低，这表明根据生长期完善并确立了对同质的偏爱和/或识别同质的视觉能力。此外，成年雌性鱼类的繁殖距离受其繁殖状况和社会熟悉程度的影响。仅在产卵之前，成年雌性就与熟悉的雄性保持较近的距离，而不是与陌生的雄性保持更近的距离，这表明邻近性受雌性特定方式的影响。这种简单的行为范例将有助于我们理解使用鱼的视觉介导的社会行为发展的神经基础。

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