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Vaccine-induced enhancement of viral infections

机译：疫苗诱导的病毒感染增强

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Examples of vaccine-induced enhancement of susceptibility to virus infection or of aberrant viral pathogenesis have been documented for infections by members of different virus families. Several mechanisms, many of which still are poorly understood,are at the basis of this phenomenon. Vaccine development for lentivirus infections in general, and for HIV/AIDS in particular, has been little successful. Certain experimental lentiviral vaccines even proved to be counterproductive: they rendered vaccinated subjects more susceptible to infection rather than protecting them. For vaccine-induced enhanced susceptibility to infection with certain viruses like feline coronavirus, Dengue virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus, it has been shown that antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) plays an important role. Other mechanisms may, either in the absence of or in combination with ADE, be involved. Consequently, vaccine-induced enhancement has been a major stumble block in the development of certain flavi-,corona-, paramyxo-, and lentivirus vaccines. Also recent failures in the development of a vaccine against HIV may at least in part be attributed to induction of enhanced susceptibility to infection. There may well be a delicate balance between the induction of protective immunity on the one hand and the induction of enhanced susceptibility on the other. The present paper reviews the currently known mechanisms of vaccine-induced enhancement of susceptibility to virus infection or of aberrant viral pathogenesis.
机译：对于不同病毒家族成员的感染，已经报道了疫苗诱导的对病毒感染或病毒异常发病机理的敏感性增强的例子。这种现象的基础是几种机制，其中许多机制仍不清楚。一般而言，针对慢病毒感染，特别是针对HIV / AIDS的疫苗研发工作很少取得成功。某些实验性慢病毒疫苗甚至被证明会适得其反：它们使接种疫苗的受试者更容易感染而不是保护他们。对于疫苗诱导的对某些病毒（如猫冠状病毒，登革热病毒和猫免疫缺陷病毒）感染的易感性增强，已证明抗体依赖性增强（ADE）发挥着重要作用。在没有ADE或与ADE结合的情况下，可能会涉及其他机制。因此，疫苗诱导的增强作用已成为某些黄病毒，冠状病毒，副粘病毒和慢病毒疫苗开发的主要障碍。同样，抗HIV疫苗开发的近期失败至少可以部分归因于对感染敏感性的增强。一方面在诱导保护性免疫与另一方面在增强敏感性之间可能存在微妙的平衡。本文概述了疫苗诱导的对病毒感染或病毒异常发病机理的敏感性增强的当前已知机制。

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