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首页> 外文期刊>Vaccine >Novel human polysaccharide adjuvants with dual Th1 and Th2 potentiating activity
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Novel human polysaccharide adjuvants with dual Th1 and Th2 potentiating activity

机译：具有双重Th1和Th2增强活性的新型人多糖佐剂

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摘要

Pure soluble, recombinant and synthetic antigens, despite their better tolerability, are unfortunately often much less immunogenic than live or killed whole organism vaccines. Thus, the move towards the development of safer subunit vaccines has created a major need for more potent adjuvants. In particular, there is an urgent need for adjuvants capable of boosting cellular (Th1) immunity but without unacceptable toxicity. The adjuvant activity of aluminium compounds (aluminium phosphate or hydroxide) was first described by Glenny and colleagues in 1926. Surprisingly, despite the description of over one hundred adjuvants in the scientific literature, alum remains the only adjuvant approved for human use in the USA. Unfortunately, alum has no effect on cellular immunity and is faced with increasing concerns regarding potential for cumulative aluminium toxicity. Why then has alum not been replaced in human vaccines? Despite the enormous number of candidates, potency has invariably been associated with increased toxicity, and this more than anything else has precluded their use, particularly in prophylactic vaccines where safety issues are paramount. Hence, there is a major unmet need for a safe efficacious adjuvant capable of boosting cellular plus humoral immunity. The extensive data on inulin-based adjuvants indicate that these are excellent candidates to replace alum as the adjuvant of choice for many vaccines. Particular advantages offered by inulin-based adjuvants is that they induce cellular in addition to humoral immunity and offer excellent safety, tolerability, ease of manufacture and formulation. Thus, adjuvants based on inulin have enormous potential for use in vaccines against both pathogens and cancer.
机译：尽管纯的可溶性，重组和合成抗原具有更好的耐受性，但不幸的是，它们的免疫原性通常比活的或杀死的全生物疫苗低。因此，向开发更安全的亚单位疫苗的转移产生了对更有效佐剂的主要需求。特别是，迫切需要能够增强细胞（Th1）免疫力而又没有不可接受的毒性的佐剂。铝化合物（磷酸铝或氢氧化铝）的佐剂活性最早是由Glenny及其同事于1926年描述的。令人惊讶的是，尽管科学文献中对一百多种佐剂进行了描述，明矾仍然是美国唯一批准用于人类的佐剂。不幸的是，明矾对细胞免疫没有影响，并且面临着累积铝毒性潜力的日益增加的担忧。为什么为什么不用人类疫苗代替明矾呢？尽管有大量候选物，但效力始终与毒性增加有关，这比其他任何事情都更使其无法使用，特别是在安全性问题至关重要的预防性疫苗中。因此，迫切需要安全有效的佐剂，该佐剂能够增强细胞免疫和体液免疫。有关菊粉类佐剂的大量数据表明，它们是替代明矾作为许多疫苗选择佐剂的优秀候选者。基于菊粉的佐剂提供的特别优势是，它们除了体液免疫外还诱导细胞，并提供出色的安全性，耐受性，易于制造和配制。因此，基于菊粉的佐剂在针对病原体和癌症的疫苗中具有巨大的潜力。

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