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From an opportunity identification to its manufacturing: a reference model for virtual enterprises

机译：从机会识别到制造：虚拟企业的参考模型

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摘要

In the recent years the model of Virtual Enterprises has been described as a new or innovative organisation form for manufacturing enterprises. Nevertheless there is a lack of a complete reference model of virtual enterprises that could be largely used and applied. The present paper describes such a reference model and its application in a project carried out in Brazil since July 1998, with a group of nine manufacturing and technology based Small and Medium Enterprises (SME's) which forms a Virtual Organisation. A Framework has been developed at the beginning of the project as a structure and guideline for its creation. In this Framework the Virtual organisation is considered as a stable network of enterprises that aim to co-operate among them and target to create several different Virtual Enterprises. Therefore a Virtual Enterprise is defined as a Business Opportunity driven co-operation between existing and independent enterprises. A proposed reference model (function and information) is then described as well as its methods, tools and infrastructures. Examples of the methods adapted or developed are Benchmarking, Business Plan, Competence Matching and others. In terms of tools an Internet based Competence search has been developed. Regarding the infrastructures three of them are detailed: legal, information and cultural.
机译：近年来，虚拟企业的模型已被描述为制造企业的一种新的或创新的组织形式。但是，缺少可以广泛使用和应用的完整的虚拟企业参考模型。本文介绍了这种参考模型及其在1998年7月以来在巴西进行的项目中的应用，该项目由九个基于制造和技术的中小企业（SME）组成，它们组成了一个虚拟组织。在项目开始时就已经开发了一个框架，作为其创建的结构和指南。在此框架中，虚拟组织被视为稳定的企业网络，旨在在它们之间进行合作，并旨在创建多个不同的虚拟企业。因此，虚拟企业被定义为现有企业和独立企业之间由业务机会驱动的合作。然后描述了建议的参考模型（功能和信息）及其方法，工具和基础架构。调整或开发的方法的示例包括对标，业务计划，能力匹配等。在工具方面，已经开发了基于Internet的能力搜索。关于基础设施，其中三个详细：法律，信息和文化。

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