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首页> 外文期刊>Zoologica Scripta: An International Journal of Evolutionary Zoology >Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of the Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida) - combining phylogenetic and Linnaean classification
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Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of the Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida) - combining phylogenetic and Linnaean classification

机译：大地龙科（Porifera，Demospongiae，Astrophorida）的分子分类学和系统发育-结合系统发育和Linnaean分类

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Cardenas, P., Rapp, H.T., Schander, C. & Tendal, O. S. (2010). Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of the Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida) - combining phylogenetic and Linnaean classification.-Zoologica Scripta, 39, 89-106. According to the fossil records, the Geodiidae represents one of the oldest families of demosponges (Phylum Porifera). There are approximately 220 described extant species, geographically and bathymetrically widely distributed around the world. Species of this family all share a two-layered cortex with ball-shaped spicules called 'sterrasters' in the endocortex. However, molecular studies have questioned the monophyly of the group. Moreover, the evolutionary history and the intrafamily relationships of the Geodiidae are not fully resolved. Using a partial sequence of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene and a partial sequence of the 28S rDNA gene (D1-D2 domains), we present the first molecular phylogeny focusing oil this group. The congruent results from the two gene fragments suggest that (i) the Geodiidae is monophyletic, (ii) the Erylinae/Geodinae subdivision sensu Sollas, 1888 is valid and that (iii) Isops and Sidonops ire junior synonyms of Geodia. The synonymization of Isops and Sidonops implies that the oscule/pore morphology as a diagnostic character should be abandoned. Geodia bentscheli nom. nov. has been given for Geodia mesotriaena (Hentschel, 1929). This study served as the basis for a revised phylogenetic classification of the Geodiidae. Well-supported clades led to the establishment of clade names following the PhyloCode. The Geodinae clade is strongly supported and notably composed of Depressiogeodia, Cydonium and Geodia. A morphological synapomorphy of Geodinae is the presence of euasters in the ectocortex. The Erylinae (Erylus, Penares, Caminus and Pachymatisma) form a strongly supported monophyletic group with three morphological synapomorphies: (i) loss of anatriaenes and protriaenes, (ii) microrhabds (or spherules) in the ectocortex and (iii) short-shafted triaenes. The Erylus monophyly is ambiguous. Erylus species are distributed in three well-supported clades. Finally, spicule homology in the cortex of the Geodiidae is discussed.
机译：Cardenas，P.，Rapp，H.T.，Schander，C.＆Tendal，O.S.（2010）。 Geodiidae（Porifera，Demospongiae，Astrophorida）的分子分类学和系统发育-结合系统发育和Linnaean分类。-Zoologica Scripta，39，89-106。根据化石记录，Geodiidae代表了最古老的of茎科（Phylum Porifera）。有大约220种已描述的现存物种，在地理上和测深图上广泛分布于世界各地。这个家族的种属共有一个两层皮层，内层皮层中有球形针状体，称为“ sterrasters”。然而，分子研究对这一群体的单方面性提出了质疑。此外，大地蝇科的进化历史和家庭内部关系还没有完全解决。使用细胞色素C氧化酶亚基1（COI）基因的部分序列和28S rDNA基因的部分序列（D1-D2结构域），我们提出了该组的第一个分子系统发育聚焦油。来自这两个基因片段的一致结果表明：（1）Geodiidae是单系的，（ii）Erylinae / Geodinae细分sensu Sollas，1888年有效，并且（iii）Isops和Sidonops是Geodia的初级同义词。 Isops和Sidonops的同义词意味着应该放弃作为诊断特征的眼/孔形态。 Geodia bentscheli nom。十一月已为中亚大地蝇（Hentschel，1929）提供。这项研究作为修订的大地蝇科系统发育分类的基础。得到良好支持的进化枝导致根据PhyloCode建立了进化枝名称。 Geodinae支系得到了强有力的支持，特别是由地下press，Cy和大地Geo组成。大地龙科的形态突触是外胚层中有euasters。 yl科（Erylus，Penares，Caminus和Pachymatisma）形成具有三个形态上同形的强烈支持的单系统群体：（i）丧失脱水萘和protriaenes;（ii）外胚层中的微生球（或小球）;以及（iii）短轴三叶虫。 Erylus一词是big昧的。触角物种分布在三个支撑良好的进化枝中。最后，讨论了大地龙科皮层中的针状同源性。

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