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首页> 外文期刊>Zoologica Scripta: An International Journal of Evolutionary Zoology >Timing of deep-sea adaptation in dogfish sharks: Insights from a supertree of extinct and extant taxa
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Timing of deep-sea adaptation in dogfish sharks: Insights from a supertree of extinct and extant taxa

机译：dog鱼鲨鱼深海适应的时机：从灭绝和现存的生物分类的超级树中获得的见解

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摘要

Dogfish sharks (Squaliformes) constitute a monophyletic group of predominantly deep-water neoselachians, but the reasons and timing of their adaptation to this hostile environment remain ambiguous. Late Cretaceous dogfish sharks, which generally would be associated with deep-water occur predominantly in shallow water environments. Did the end-Cretaceous mass extinction event that eliminated large numbers of both terrestrial and aquatic taxa and clades including sharks trigger the evolutionary adaptation of present deep-water dogfish sharks? Here, we construct, date, and analyse a genus-level phylogeny of extinct and living dogfish sharks to bring a new perspective to this question. For this, eleven partial source trees of dogfish shark interrelationships were merged to create a comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis. The resulting supertree is the most inclusive estimate of squaliform interrelationships that has been proposed to date containing 23 fossil and extant members of all major groups. ?. Eoetmopterus represents the oldest dalatoid. ?. Microetmopterus, ?. Paraphorosoides, ?. Proetmopterus and ?. Squaliogaleus are stem-group dalatoids in which bioluminescence most likely was not developed. According to our analyses, bioluminescence in dogfish sharks was already developed in the early Late Cretaceous indicating that these sharks adapted to deep-water conditions most likely at about 100 Mya. The advantage of this reconstruction is that the fossil record is used directly for age node estimates rather than employing molecular clock approaches.
机译：fish鱼鲨（Squaliformes）是一类以深水新生鱼为主的种群，但其适应这种不利环境的原因和时机仍不明确。晚白垩纪dog鱼鲨鱼通常与深水有关，主要发生在浅水环境中。白垩纪末期的物种灭绝事件是否消除了陆生和水生类群以及包括鲨鱼在内的进化枝，引发了当今深水dog鱼鲨鱼的进化适应？在这里，我们构建，确定日期并分析灭绝和活生的dog鱼鲨的属系系统发育，从而为这个问题带来新的观点。为此，将11条dog鱼鲨鱼相互关系的部分来源树合并在一起，以创建一个全面的系统发育假说。生成的超级树是迄今为止提出的包含所有主要族群的23个化石和现存成员的squaliform相互关系的最广泛估计。 ？ Eoetmopterus代表最古老的翼龙。 ？ Microetmopterus ，？拟佛体，？。 Proetmopterus和？。 Squaliogaleus是最有可能没有发生生物发光的茎组类lataloids。根据我们的分析，白垩纪晚期早已在sha鱼鲨中发展了生物发光，这表明这些鲨鱼最有可能在100 Mya左右适应深水条件。这种重建的优势在于，化石记录直接用于年龄节点估算，而不是采用分子钟方法。

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