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首页> 外文期刊>Zoologica Scripta: An International Journal of Evolutionary Zoology >New chiropterans from the middle Eocene of Shanghuang (Jiangsu Province, Coastal China): new insight into the dawn horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae) in Asia
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New chiropterans from the middle Eocene of Shanghuang (Jiangsu Province, Coastal China): new insight into the dawn horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae) in Asia

机译：上黄（始祖中国中部）始新世中期的新鳞翅目：对亚洲黎明马蹄蝠（Rhinolophidae）的新见解

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摘要

The Paleogene fossil record of Chiroptera is poorly documented in Asia compared with those of Europe, North America or even Africa (Gunnell & Simmons 2005; Eiting & Gunnell 2009). In Asia, only a few localities have been discovered so far. The oldest Asian bat fauna derives from the Vastan lignite mine located in Gujarat in western India, which dates to the early Eocene (Rana et al. 2005; Smith et al. 2007). Although this locality has yielded abundant fossil elements of bats documenting upper and lower dentitions, only lower jaws have been described so far. These fossils document seven new species, including one icaronycterid (Icaronycteris sigei), two archaeonycterids (Protonycteris gunnelli, Archaeonycteris storchi), two hassianycterids (Hassianycteris kumari, Cambaya complexus), one palaeochiropterygid (Microchiropteryx folieae) and Jaegeria cambayensis of indeterminate family status (Smith et al. 2007). Most of these Vastan bats are documented as 'Eochiroptera', a name commonly used to designate a paraphyletic group that includes all extinct stem-chiropterans branching successively at the base of the bat phylogeny (Simmons & Geisler 1998; Simmons 2005). The exception is J. cambayensis, which could belong to Palaeochiropterygidae or a modern family (Smith et al. 2007). This Indian bat assemblage resembles certain Eocene European microchiropteran faunas, especially those from the early Eocene of the Paris Basin (Russell et al. 1973) and the early middle Eocene of Messel in Germany (Habersetzer & Storch 1987), which primarily document 'Eochiroptera'. In central China, bats occur in the middle-late Eocene deposits of the Liguanqiao Basin (Henan Province) and Yuanqu Basin (Shanxi Province). These Chinese fossils document essentially 'Eochiroptera', notably two species of Palaeochiropterygidae (Lapichiropteryx xiei and Lapichiropteryx sp.) and several indeterminate specimens referred to the Icaronycteridae and Archaeonycteridae (Tong 1997). Microchiropterans have also been reported from the early-middle Eocene Kuldana Formation of Pakistan (Chorlakki; Russell & Gingerich 1981). However, this fossil material is highly fragmentary (only two teeth; M~3 and M_(1/2)), and their systematic attribution remains questionable. Of these teeth, the lower molar could be referred to a member of Paleochiropterygidae, while the upper molar shows an unusual combination of features, which is otherwise unknown in Chiroptera. Interestingly, Asia has also yielded the oldest occurrence of Megachiroptera (Ducrocq et al. 1993). The presence of this extant family of bats (i.e. Pteropodidae) in the Paleogene of Asia is based on the discovery of one isolated P3 from the famous Krabi coal mine of peninsular Thailand, which dates to the latest Eocene.
机译：与欧洲，北美甚至非洲相比，亚洲的Chiroptera的古近纪化石记录很少（Gunnell＆Simmons 2005; Eiting＆Gunnell 2009）。迄今为止，在亚洲仅发现了少数几个地方。亚洲蝙蝠最古老的动物区系来自印度西部古吉拉特邦的Vastan褐煤矿，该矿可追溯到始新世早期（Rana等，2005; Smith等，2007）。尽管这个地方已经产生了蝙蝠的化石元素丰富，它们记录了上下牙列，但到目前为止，仅描述了下颚。这些化石记录了七个新物种，包括一个科（Icaronycteris sigei），两个古arch科（Protonycteris gunnelli，Archeyonycteris storchi），两个has子科（Hassianycteris kumari，Cambaya complexe），一种cam科的Micro科（Micro科）等（2007）。这些Vastan蝙蝠大多数都被记录为'Eochiroptera'，该名称通常用于表示共生类群，包括在蝙蝠系统发育基础上相继分支的所有已灭绝的茎-手翅类（Simmons＆Geisler 1998; Simmons 2005）。 cambayensis除外，它可能属于古鳞翅目科或现代家族（Smith等，2007）。这种印度蝙蝠的组合类似于某些始新世的欧洲微翅目动物，特别是巴黎盆地始新世（Russell等人，1973）和德国梅塞尔初中新世（Habersetzer＆Storch 1987）的动物。 。在中国中部，蝙蝠在河南省官关盆地和山西省元曲盆地的中新世中晚期沉积物中发生。这些中国化石实质上记录了“翅翅目”，特别是古Pala科的两种（Lapichiropteryx xiei和Lapichiropteryx sp。）以及数个不确定的标本，分别称为翼龙科和弓形目科（Tong 1997）。从巴基斯坦的中新世早期始新世Kuldana地层中也已报道了微翅目动物（Chorlakki; Russell＆Gingerich 1981）。然而，这种化石材料是高度碎片化的（只有两个牙齿; M〜3和M_（1/2）），它们的系统归因仍然值得怀疑。在这些牙齿中，下臼齿可被称为古鳞翅目科的一员，而上臼齿则显示出异常的特征组合，否则在翼手目中是未知的。有趣的是，亚洲也产生了最早的巨型翼手目（Ducrocq等人，1993）。这种蝙蝠家族（即翼足类）在亚洲古近系中的存在是基于从泰国半岛著名的甲米煤矿发现的一个孤立的P3，该物种可追溯到最新的始新世。

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