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首页> 外文期刊>Zoologica Scripta: An International Journal of Evolutionary Zoology >Mountainous genus Anterastes (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): autochthonous survival across several glacial ages via vertical range shifts
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Mountainous genus Anterastes (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): autochthonous survival across several glacial ages via vertical range shifts

机译：多山属Anterastes（直翅目，Tettigoniidae）：通过垂直范围的变化，在几个冰川时代的自生生存

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摘要

Although the high-latitude range margins in Europe and North America are intensively studied, attention is gradually turned towards the taxa/populations inhabiting glacial refugia. Here, we evaluate the genealogical history of the cold-adapted Anatolio-Balkan genus Anterastes especially to test the possible effects of intrarefugial vertical range shifts during climatic oscillations of the Quaternary. Using concatenated data from sequences of COI+16S and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, intrageneric relationships and the time of speciation events were estimated. Thirteen different demographic analyses were performed using a data set produced from sequences of 16S. Different phylogenetic analyses recovered similar lineages with high resolution. The molecular chronogram estimated speciation events in a period ranging from 5.60 to 1.22Myr. Demographic analyses applied to 13 populations and five lineages suggested constant population size. Genetic diversity is significantly reduced in a few populations, while not in others. Fixation indices suggested extremely diverged populations. In the light of these data, the following main conclusions were raised: (i) although glacial refugia are the biodiversity hotspots, species level radiation of the cold-adapted lineages is mainly prior to the Mid-Pleistocene transition; (ii) heterogeneous topography provides refugial habitats and allows populations to survive through vertical range shifts during climatic fluctuations; (iii) prolonged isolation of refugial populations do not always result in reduced intrapopulation diversity, but in high level of genetic differentiation; (iv) the cold-adapted lineages with low dispersal ability might have not colonised the area out of Anatolian refugium during interglacial periods; and (v) populations of invertebrates may have restricted ranges, but this does not mean that they have small effective population size.
机译：尽管对欧洲和北美的高纬度范围边缘进行了深入研究，但人们的注意力逐渐转向居住于冰川避难所的分类单元/种群。在这里，我们评估冷适应的Anatolio-Balkan属Anterastes的族谱历史，特别是在第四纪气候振荡期间测试避难所内垂直范围变化的可能影响。使用来自COI + 16S和ITS1-5.8S-ITS2序列的连接数据，估计了种内关系和物种形成时间。使用由16S序列产生的数据集进行了13种不同的人口统计分析。不同的系统发育分析以高分辨率回收了相似的谱系。分子计时图估计了5.60至1.22Myr范围内的物种形成事件。对13个人口和5个血统的人口统计学分析表明人口规模恒定。少数群体的遗传多样性显着减少，而其他群体则没有。注视指数表明人口差异很大。根据这些数据，得出以下主要结论：（i）尽管冰川避难所是生物多样性的热点，但冷适应世系的物种水平辐射主要发生在中更新世过渡之前; （ii）异质地形为避难所提供了栖息地，并使人们能够在气候波动期间通过垂直范围的变化而生存; （iii）长期隔离难民群体并不总是导致种群内多样性下降，而是导致高水平的遗传分化; （iv）在跨冰期，适应能力低，适应能力差的血统可能没有在安那托利亚避难所以外的地区定居; （v）无脊椎动物种群的范围可能有限，但这并不意味着它们的有效种群规模很小。

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